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Beta and Alpha Particle Autoradiography
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anders Örbom, Brian W. Miller, Tom Bäck
A typical example of a preclinical study using phosphor storage plate autoradiography is the 2020 study by Waaijer and colleagues, where they 89Zr-label a bispecific antibody targeting CD3ε on T cells and glypican 3 (GPC3) on tumours. This is given to tumour-bearing mice who are PET-imaged and then sacrificed and tissues collected, embedded and paraffin-sectioned at 4 µm for autoradiography [34]. Another PET and phosphor storage plate autoradiography study was Putzu and colleagues where the cerebral distribution of 18F-FDG was investigated in rats post cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Rather thick, 2 mm, sections were used for autoradiography using a 1 h exposure time [35].
Heparin and Related Molecules: Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Airways
Published in Alastair G. Stewart, AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA, 2020
Stephen A. Kilfeather, Clive Page
Free GAG chains are derived by glycosidase excision from proteoglycans involving both heparanase and heparatinase7,17 (see Figure 2). Two modes of HS proteoglycan anchorage to plasma membranes have been identified, and both are vulnerable during inflammatory responses. The syndecan group of HS proteoglycans possess a transmembrane section of the protein core that is sensitive to cleavage by trypsin-like serine proteases7 (Figure 2). Leukocyte elastase alone can remove a large proportion of endothelial HS proteoglycan.18 Members of the glypican family of HS proteoglycan are attached to a phosphatidylinositol as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol,19–71 which is sensitive to hydrolysis by phospholipases (see Figure 2). Glypican HS proteoglycan linkages are hydrolysed by phospholipases C (PLC) and D (PLD) during signal transduction, and PLC has been used to remove cell surface glypican.19
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Glypicans are a family of proteoglycans, each of which consists of a core protein attached to long sugar molecules called heparan sulfate chains. Glypicans attach to the outer cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. Through interactions with other proteins outside the cell, glypicans participate in the regulation of several signaling pathways [7].
Targeting GPC3high cancer-associated fibroblasts sensitizing the PD-1 blockage therapy in gastric cancer
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Dinuo Li, Yu Wang, Ce Shi, Shuai Fu, Yi-Fei Sun, Chen Li
In order to make clear the changes of cell trajectory of CAFs in different depth of layers of GC tissues. We performed the pseudotime analysis for trajectory change of fibroblast clusters of the all samples. The UMAP map showed single-cell trajectory of CAFs in all samples, and with the depth of tumour invasion in GC, we can find fibroblasts have a changing trajectory from normal gastric or superficial GC tissues to deep layers of GC tissues (Figure 3(A)). Moreover, we found C7, CXCL14, DNAJB1, EGR1, FOSB, GPC3, JUNB, KCNN3, MGP, ZFP36 are involved the changing trajectory of fibroblasts from normal gastric or superficial GC tissues to deep layers of GC tissues (Figure 3(B)). The different expression genes between deep layers of GC tissues and normal gastric or superficial GC tissues was shown in Figure 3(C). Interesting, Glypican-3 (GPC3) was mainly high expression in the fibroblasts of GC, as well as mainly up-regulated in the deep layers clusters of fibroblasts in GC tissues (Figure 3(D)).
Identification of a novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the survival of patients with colon adenocarcinoma
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Kezhen Yi, Jianyuan Wu, Xuan Tang, Qian Zhang, Bicheng Wang, Fubing Wang
Among the five biomarker genes (SPAG4, P4HA1, STC2, ENO3, and GPC1) found in this study, SPAG4 is expressed at a lower level in normal tissues but at a high level in various malignancies [19–23]. SPAG4 is a downstream target of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that regulates cytokinesis, according to some research, and its expression is related to cancer prognosis [24,25]. P4HA1 is a hypoxia response gene that plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling during hypoxia [26,27]. The extracellular matrix is crucial for tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, P4HA1 is significantly related to tumor start and development [28–30]. Another HIF-1 target gene is STC2. It stimulates cell proliferation in the presence of hypoxia and is associated with tumor growth [31,32]. STC2 promotes tumor migration and invasion by triggering epithelial–mesenchymal transition and has the potential to be employed as a predictive cancer marker [33,34]. Enolase (ENO) is one of the main enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. ENO3 has been identified as a possible predictive biomarker for colon cancer in studies [35]. Glypican-1 (GPC1) is known to influence tumor development, invasion, metastasis, and progression through its influence on the tumor microenvironment and is overexpressed in a range of solid tumors [36,37].
Proteomic approaches to assist in diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Jamile De Oliveira Sá, Luciana Daniele Trino, Ana Karina Oliveira, Ariane Fidelis Busso Lopes, Daniela Campos Granato, Ana Gabriela Costa Normando, Erison Santana Santos, Leandro Xavier Neves, Carolina Moretto Carnielli, Adriana Franco Paes Leme
Functional degradomics is a promising strategy for (i) monitoring the activity of individual proteases through the degradation of specific substrates, or (ii) global peptidome profiling for the discovery of new proteins targeted by proteases and pathways regulated by proteolysis [97]. The first approach can be illustrated by an elegant study carried out by Kawahara and collaborators [98], employing biotin-labeling of cell-surface proteins following in vitro shedding with rADAM-17 (strategy 1), or ADAM-17 knockdown in SCC-9 cells and analysis of culture supernatant (strategy 2). In the first strategy, surface proteins shedded by rADAM-17 were enriched from the culture supernatant using a biotin-streptavidin affinity system following trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS. In strategy 2, culture supernatant was concentrated and analyzed using quantitative proteomics comparing ADAM17-scrambled and knockdown SCC-9 cell lines. Glypican-1 (GPC-1), a cell adhesion molecule, was detected enriched in the culture media by both strategies – compared to control groups – pointing out a direct role of ADAM-17 in GPC-1 shedding.