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Targeted Therapy for Cancer Stem Cells
Published in Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer, 2021
Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Saswati Karmakar, Garima Kaushik, Sanchita Rauth, Srikanth Barkeer, Saravanakumar Marimuthu, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
Another kind of unconventional T cells, Gamma delta T cells, are innate effector immune cells. These cells have been shown to express a higher amount of CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors and enhance CSC specific immune response. These cells have also been reported to proliferate and secrete TNF-α and IFN-γ, and produce apoptotic and cytotoxic granzymes, and target CSCs when administered with zoledronate in colon cancer [37, 38].
Polyphenols and Cancer Immunology
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Gamma delta T-cells are an important part of the TILs group. They exhibit antitumor activity, which is associated with the production of cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) as well as stimulation of DCs maturation. Their distinctive feature, which distinguishes them from lymphocytes αβ, is the lack of MHC restriction. In addition, these cells exhibit a strong antitumor activity by exerting a cytotoxic effect. Their activity, however, depends on the type of tumor and location in the tumor. It has been shown that TGF-β produced by TAMs can convert T lymphocytes γδ into cells with Treg properties and, thus, antitumor activity (LoPresti et al. 2014).
Histopathology
Published in Peter D O Davies, Stephen B Gordon, Geraint Davies, Clinical Tuberculosis, 2014
Mycobacterial peptides are bound to major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) molecules and presented to T-cells at the macrophage cell surface. This results in T-cell activation and the production of IFNγ and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) resulting in macrophage activation. Besides peptide fragments, mycobacterial lipids are also presented to gamma delta T-cells. Only activated macrophages are able to kill mycobacteria by the production of oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) intermediates [24,25].
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant for severe aplastic anemia in children with carbapenem-resistant enterocolitis
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Ambreen Pandrowala, Ajay Narayan Sharma, Sangeeta Mudaliar, Saroj Chavan, Parag Karkera, Pradnya Bendre, Parth Ganatra, Minnie Bodhanwala, Bharat Agarwal, Prashant Hiwarkar
We used reduced toxicity conditioning regimen and a TCR alpha-beta deplete haploidentical graft with rituximab on day-1 for CD19+ depletion. Reduced toxicity myelosuppressive conditioning with treosulfan, fludarabine and single fraction TBI reduces the risk of graft rejection without significant organ toxicity and hence possibly also reduce the risk of translocation of MDR organisms.11,12 Depletion of host-reactive T cells reduces the risk of GvHD while high number of NK cells in T-cell depleted PBSC graft facilitate engraftment. Gamma-delta T cells along with NK cells and monocytes preserve some anti-infective activity. In addition, rapid neutrophil engraftment in majority of patients receiving alpha beta deplete graft would also reduce the risk of infectious complications especially in patients with MDR infection.13 Our first patient engrafted early at day + 10 with resolution of enterocolitis. The second child had no liquefaction of liver abscess post neutrophil recovery with resolution of the lesion on follow up ultrasound.
Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers in vulval squamous cell carcinoma based on human papillomavirus infection Status-Analysis of GSE183454
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Ruxing Xi, Donghong Li, Shuanque Yang, Hui Zhang, Lijuan Hu, Xiaowei Wang, Guoqing Wang, Yan Wang
The influence of microenvironment cell infiltration patterns by the genomic variation of VSCC after HPV infection was also analysed in ESTIMATE algorithm. Only macrophage was significantly enriched in HPV-negative VSCC. Recent studies found that cell components of microenvironment play a crucial role in tumour progression. The tumour part was composed of not only tumour cells but also stromal cells such as macrophage (Bindea et al.2013). Increased evidence demonstrated single key molecule could induce immune tolerance by changing microenvironment immune cell infiltration characterisations, and avoid immune attack by reshaping the microenvironment structures (Zhou et al.2019). These five key molecules mentioned above were investigated with immune checkpoint expression and the infiltration levels of TME immune cells in VSCC. Unfortunately, we noted that there were no significant relationships between five key molecules and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. However, significant negative correlations between expression of key molecules and TME immune cell infiltrations were found. Gamma delta T cell was unique T cell subpopulation which is enriched in peripheral tissues including skin and makes key contributions to immune response (Ribot et al.2021). Regulatory T cell which prevents autoimmune reactions by suppressing the activation and function of conventional T cells (Savage et al.2020). Both were found negative related with SYCP2. However, central memory CD8+ T cell, which depends on its stem-cell-like capacity to expand, differentiate and self-renew (Pais Ferreira et al.2020), was also found negative related with SYCP2. It is necessary to further investigate the role of key molecules in TME immune cell infiltrations.
10th antibody industrial symposium: new developments in antibody and adoptive cell therapies
Published in mAbs, 2023
Ana Antunes, Luis Alvarez-Vallina, Federico Bertoglio, Nicolas Bouquin, Stéphanie Cornen, Francis Duffieux, Pierre Ferré, Raphaëlle Gillet, Christian Jorgensen, Mark B Leick, Bernard Maillère, Hélène Negre, Mireia Pelegrin, Nicolas Poirier, Dietmar Reusch, Bruno Robert, Guy Serre, Alain Vicari, Martin Villalba, Christoph Volpers, Gavin Vuddamalay, Hervé Watier, Thierry Wurch, Lennart Zabeau, Stefan Zielonka, Baolin Zhang, Alain Beck, Pierre Martineau
Dr. Daniel Olive (Head of the Immunity and Cancer laboratory, Marseille Cancer Research Center, CRCM, France) presented the butyrophilin (BTN) family as regulators of the immune response, with a focus on VγVδ2 T cells. Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells characterized by the expression of a TCR that is made of one γ chain and one δ chain. This T-cell type is less common than αβ T cells, but is implicated in several immune responses, and VγVδ2 T cells are the predominant variant in peripheral blood. Unlike the ‘classical’ αβ T cells, γδ T cells do not seem to require antigen processing and major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) presentation of peptide epitopes, although some recognize MHC class Ib molecules. γδ T cells may have a prominent role in recognition of lipid antigens. They are of an invariant nature and may be triggered by alarm signals, such as heat shock proteins. γδ T cells are activated by intracellular phosphoantigens (pAg) from malignant or bacterial origins.28 Their innate pAg-dependent anti-cancer activity can be exploited and amplified by different methods. These include the use of amino-bisphosphonates and also targeting members of the BTN family. In this family of transmembrane proteins, eight members (BTN1A1, BTN2A1/2A2, BTN3A1/3A2/3A3, MOG, and BTNL2) have a structure similar to that of the B7 family that harbors immunoglobulin (Ig)C-IgV extracellular domains. Studies in mice have shown that pAg activation critically depends on cell-to-cell contacts and on BTN3A and BTN2A expression in APCs (tumor or infected cells). BTN3A binds to pAgs intracellularly, while BTN2A is critical for the transport to the membrane and interaction with the γδ TCR. D. Olive described the role of BTN3A and BTN2A in human primary tumors and their regulation, functions, and roles as VγVδ2 T cell biomarkers.