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Molecular diagnosis of endometrial receptivity
Published in Carlos Simón, Linda C. Giudice, The Endometrial Factor, 2017
Jose Miravet-Valenciano, Nuria Balaguer, Felipe Vilella, Carlos Simón
Products of key upregulated genes include glycodelin, which decreases maternal immune response to the implanting embryo (105); CXCL14, a chemokine that acts as a major recruitment stimulus for immune cells during the WOI (106), as well as chemotaxis of natural killer cells to cluster around epithelial glands (107); and IL-15, involved in uNK cell proliferation and differentiation (108) from peripheral blood CD16(–) NK cells (109). Proteins from other genes that are upregulated during the receptive phase help protect the endometrium or the embryo, as happens with metallothioneins and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) (antioxidants), which guard against free radicals, heavy metals, and oxidative damage. GPX3, a major contributor to antioxidant activity in plasma, protects against oxidative stress at the time of implantation (110). Furthermore, GPX3 is positively associated with insulin sensitivity, allowing a higher level of glucose availability in the endometrium (111), and is deregulated, together with progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) (glycodelin precursor) and LIF in obese women suffering from infertility or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (112).
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergic, Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, Antithrombotic, and Anti-coagulant Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Water-soluble acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of Ulva rigida are mainly composed of disaccharides that contain glucuronic acid and sulfated rhamnose. The structure of disaccharides resembles that of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as they both contain glucuronic acid and sulfated sugars. Certain types of GAGs can even activate macrophages and therefore the acidic polysaccharides from U. rigida probably modulate macrophage activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of U. rigida polysaccharides on several RAW264.7 murine macrophage activities, including expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression. U. rigida acidic polysaccharides induced a more than twofold increase in the expression of several chemokines (chemokine (C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14)) and in the expression of IL6 signal transducer and IL12 receptor beta 1. Incubation of macrophages with U. rigida polysaccharides also induced an increase in nitrite production, although this effect decreased considerably after desulphation of polysaccharides, suggesting that the sulphate group is important for the stimulatory capacity of these molecules. U. rigida polysaccharides also stimulated macrophage secretion of PGE2 and induced an increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression. The results indicate that U. rigida acid polysaccharide can be used as an experimental immunostimulant for analysing inflammatory responses related to macrophage functions. In addition, these polysaccharides may also be of clinical interest for modifying certain macrophage activities in diseases where macrophage function is impaired or needs to be boosted (Leiro et al. 2007).
Effect of chemokine CXCL14 on in vitro angiogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Yuanguang Liu, Qing Chang, Xiaotang Wu, Youlin Yu, Huizhong Zhang
CXCL14 mRNA is constitutively expressed in normal tissues, and its expression level is highest in epithelial cells (Kurth et al.2001). CXCL14 is considered as a tumour inhibitor, and its significantly down-regulated expression is correlated with tumorigenesis and development (Komori et al.2010). Through the analysis of differentially expressed genes obtained from HCC microarray GSE115018 in GEO database, we found that CXCL14 was differentially expressed in HCC tissues. Then, the differential expression of CXCL14 in clinical samples was searched using the TCGA database, which verified that CXCL14 expression was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, studies have shown that CXCL14 is highly expressed in normal hepatic tissues but poorly expressed in HCC tissues. Intronic polymorphism rs2237062 in CXCL14 gene is regarded as a candidate risk factor that might affect the progression of HBV-related HCC by inhibiting the growth and angiogenesis of tumour cells (Gu et al.2012a) . However, the role of CXCL14 in the angiogenesis of HCC has not been reported.
CXCL14 inhibits the growth and promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing Akt/mTOR pathway
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2021
Jianqiang Bi, Quanle Liu, Yunchuan Sun, Xiuru Hu, Xinying He, Chengzhen Xu
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), which is an orphan member of the CXC chemokine subfamily, locates on human chromosome 5q31 [6,7]. Mounting evidence uncovers the tumor-suppressive role of CXCL14. Specifically, when CXCL14 is expressed in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, the tumor volume is reduced and tumor cell metastasis is suppressed in a transgenic mice model without any observable side effects [8]. Moreover, CXCL14 targeting LCE gene is identified to be a tumor suppressor in oral carcinoma [9]. In addition, previous studies also discovered high-expressed CXCL14 in cancers such as breast cancer [10], colon cancer [11] and pancreatic cancer [12], in which CXCL14 can be expressed by cancer cells or stromal cells or both the two types of cells [13]. Hence, the specific function of CXCL14 in cancers may be dependent on tumor type. In HCC tissues, low-expressed CXCL14 has been detected, and overexpressed CXCL14 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis, and silencing CXCL14 can be reversed by pharmacological demethylation, indicating that methylation is the primary mechanism underlying the inactivation of CXCL14 in HCC [14,15]. However, the specific mechanism of CXCL14 on HCC should be investigated.
Chemokine switch regulated by TGF-β1 in cancer-associated fibroblast subsets determines the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Angélique Vienot, Jean-René Pallandre, Elodie Renaude, Julien Viot, Adeline Bouard, Laurie Spehner, Marie Kroemer, Syrine Abdeljaoued, Bas van der Woning, Hans de Haard, Romain Loyon, Eric Hervouet, Paul Peixoto, Christophe Borg
While paradoxical effects of CXCL14 overexpression are observed in cancer cells,32,33 high stromal CXCL14 expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis.34 CXCL14-expressing fibroblasts could enhance the growth of prostate cancer xenografts, trigger tumor angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment, and enhance monocyte migration, through NOS1-derived nitric oxide signaling.35,36 Albeit no specific receptor has been identified, ACKR2 mediates CXCL14-induced downstream NOS1 activation to initiate EMT programs and enhance the cancer-promoting functions of fibroblasts.37 Thus, CXCL14 might constitute a potential drug target for the management of cancer.