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The S100A7/8/9 Proteins: Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Targets for Solid Tumor Stroma
Published in Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer, 2021
Sanjay Mishra, Dinesh Ahirwar, Mohd W. Nasser, Ramesh K. Ganju
The overexpression of S100A8/A9 has also been appreciated in lung cancer. Recently, higher expression of S100A8 and S100A9 was reported in 71.2% and 76.9% non-small cell lung cancer patient samples, respectively, in comparison to adjacent normal [98]. The higher expression of S100A8/A9 was also associated with degree of tumor differentiation [98]. S100A8/A9 plays a crucial role in the formation of pre-metastatic niche. Tumor secreted factors (TSFs) such as VEGF-A, TGF-β and TNF-α may induce expression of S100A8/A9 in pre-metastatic endothelial cells and macrophages [65]. S100A8/A9 secreted by lung stromal cells promotes recruitment of CD11b+ myeloid cells to establish a pre-metastatic niche in the lungs, to which tumor cells migrate [65]. Subsequently, it was shown that S100A8 induces the expression of serum amyloid A 3 (SAA3) in pre-metastatic lungs, followed by activation of NF-κβ signaling, resulting in accumulation of CD11b+ myeloid cells [99]. In addition, S100A8/A9 can also induce the expression of CXCL1 in pre-metastatic lungs, which has been shown to attract tumor cells [68]. The role of S100A8/A9 in pre-metastatic niche formation has been summarized in Fig. 2.
Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicological Aspects of Nutraceuticals
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Jayvadan K. Patel, Anita Patel
Polyphenol curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, has been observed to be an important nutraceutical having anticancer effects. Kronski et al. (2014) demonstrated that curcumin in metastatic breast cancer cells modified the expression of miRNA, in particular miR181b. This investigation revealed that miR181b downmodulates the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, thereby reducing the development of breast and prostate cancer. Taken together, these data show that curprovides promise in the therapeutic campaign for cancer (Kronski et al. 2014).
Micronutrients in the Prevention and Improvement of the Standard Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Treatment with curcumin increased the expression of miR-22 and reduced the levels of its target protein transcription factor-1 (SP-1) in human pancreatic cancer cells.121 Silencing the expression of miR-22 increased the levels of SP-1. Curcumin treatment enhanced the expression of miR-203 and decreased the levels of its target proteins protein kinase B (Akt2) and Src tyrosine protein kinase in bladder cancer cells.122 Curcumin treatment also upregulated the expression of miR-7 and decreased the level of its target protein SET8 histone lysine methyltransferase. Breast cancer cells treated with curcumin showed increased expression of miR-181b and decreased level of its target protein in CXCL-1 (chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand-1).123 Treatment with curcumin upregulated the expressions of miR-15a and miR-16-1 and downregulated the levels of its target protein WT1 (Wilm’s tumor protein-1) in leukemic cells and primary acute myeloid leukemia cells.124
Curcumin Enhances the Efficacy of Docetaxel by Promoting Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Lili Sun, Xingmei Yao, Jingmei Liu, Yu Zhang, Jian Hu
Given the vital roles of the tumor microenvironment in regulating tumor progression and affecting response to standard-of-care therapies, the strategies to target the tumor microenvironment have emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years (6). The tumor environment is defined as the complex and rich multicellular environment, including immune cells, stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and other secreted proteins (7). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population, which play a negative role in regulating anti-tumor immune response (8). In tumor microenvironment, CXCL1 could induces MDSCs accumulation, resulting CD8+ T cell exhaustion (9). Previous studies identified that an increase number of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs have been detected in HNSCC, and the increased MDSCs is associated with a poor response to chemotherapy (10,11).
Age-associated Ligand-receptor Interactions Imputed from Nasopharyngeal Transcriptomes of COVID-19 Patients
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
A recent study of immune cell composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has shown increased expression of pro-inflammatory immune cells expressing more CCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in severe COVID-19 cases (Liao et al. 2020). Indeed, the present study has also shown increased interactions with these receptors in older patients between the NP-M interactions (Figure 1A). Interactions with these receptors were also increased within the microenvironment (M-M) in older patients (Figure 2A). CXCR2 signaling is also a chemokine axis that regulates neutrophil release form the bone marrow (Eash et al. 2010). This is further supported by the increased relative proportions of neutrophils in older patients suggested from computational gene expression deconvolution (Figure 3). Furthermore, CXCL1 and CXCL6 ligands were also shown to be involved in these interactions. CXCL1 secretion has been associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration (Susek et al. 2018). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) interaction with amyloid precursor protein (APP) was also higher in older patients and is implicated in regulating the activation of inflammatory cells (Park et al. 2019). Some notable M-M interactions included SELL receptor interactions with complement factor H (CFH), PODXL2, and CD34, which were decreased relative to the younger patient cohort (Figure 2A). CFH participates in regulation of complement activation (Rodríguez de Córdoba et al. 2004).
Comparison of Chemokine CXCL-1 and Interleukin-6 Concentrations in the Subretinal Fluid and Vitreous in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Chrysanthos Symeonidis, Tryfon Rotsos, Artemis Matsou, Maria Dermenoudi, Ilias Georgalas, Ioannis Tsinopoulos, Olga Makri, Efimia Souliou, Stavros A. Dimitrakos
In this milieu, chemotaxis is a significant prerequisite for membrane formation. Chemokines, a group of small molecular weight (8–10 kDa) proteins, are involved in chemotaxis, cell activation, hematopoiesis, and angiostasis.10,11 Chemokine classification (CC, CXC, XC, CX3C subgroups) is based on a two cysteine-residue structure with the possible interjection of one or more amino-acid residues.12 A constituent of the CXC subgroup, CXCL-1 is a human analog of the mouse keratinocyte-derived chemokine, also known as growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha. CXCL-1 is considered as a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and a contributor to the acute inflammatory reaction.13 Moreover, the inflammatory aspect of PVR has been shown to involve interleukins as regulators. Of them, elevated interleukin(IL)-6 production has been reported to enhance the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells thus contributing to the pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinal diseases such as PVR.14 IL-6 expression and activity are also significantly increased during RRD with or without PVR.15,16