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Cell Recruitment for Intervertebral Disc
Published in Raquel M. Gonçalves, Mário Adolfo Barbosa, Gene and Cell Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, 2018
Catarina Leite Pereira, Sibylle Grad, Mário Adolfo Barbosa, Raquel M. Gonçalves
The SDF-1α receptor has also been described to be expressed in EPCs, and it is known that its antagonist, AMD3100, mobilizes these cells from the BM to the blood (Capoccia, Shepherd, and Link 2006; Shepherd et al. 2006). The mobilization of these cells may also occur via the vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGF/VEGFR2) axis, by triggering cell migration (Pitchford et al. 2009) or even through CXCR2, as demonstrated in the work of Jones et al. (2009) where this receptor was demonstrated to be critical for EPC recruitment and angiogenic response.
Angiogenesis and Roles of Adhesion Molecules in Psoriatic Disease
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Asmita Hazra, Saptarshi Mandal
The IL8 receptors include CXCR1 and CXCR2, both GPCRs, and the Duffy antigen receptor for cytokines (DARC), another GPCR-like 7TM protein that is mostly endocytic for CXC and CC chemokines but is not G-protein coupled at the cytosolic end. The pro-angiogenic activity of IL8 occurs predominantly through CXCR2, which is common to other CXC chemokines, but CXCR1 also has some angiogenic action and is unique to IL8 and possibly GCP2 (CXCL6).
Acute and chronic venous thrombosis: Pathogenesis and new insights
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
Jose A. Diaz, Thomas W. Wakefield, Peter K. Henke
Stimulating the pro-inflammatory PMN response with exogenous administration of the chemotactic peptide IL-8 can accelerate experimental VT resolution.93 It is speculated that IL-8 increases intrathrombus PMN activation and release of plasminogen activators. To further investigate the role of the chemokines involved in PMN influx into the resolving VT, we utilized mice with targeted gene deletion of the CXC receptor (CXCR2 KO) whose ligands include KC and MIP-2, analogs of human IL-8.85 The CXCR2 KO mice had larger, less organized early thrombi, fewer intrathrombus PMNs, and fewer monocytes (over the first 8 days). Decreased late (day 12 and 21) thrombus neovascularization was also observed, as well as impaired fibrinolysis. Taken together, PMNs play a role in early thrombus resolution, whereas monocytes predominate later; both are mediated by CXC chemokine activity.
Daphnetin alleviates neuropathic pain in chronic constrictive injury rats via regulating the NF-κB dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Tianrui Zhang, Wulin Liang, Wenjing Ou, Mingqian Zhang, Shuang Cui, Shuofeng Zhang
CXCR2 belongs to the CXCR family and is the primary receptor for CXC chemokines, which mediate angiogenesis and play a crucial role in cancer and various inflammatory diseases (Cheng et al. 2019). Peripheral nerve inflammation or nerve injury induces the expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in the distal dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, which contributes to neuroplasticity and nociceptor sensitization in pathological pain (Marro et al. 2016). In the current study, the expression of CXCR2 in the spinal cord was upregulated in the Model group, indicating that the enhancement of CXCR2 in neurons is also involved in the regulation of pain in the supraspinal region. Daphnetin significantly reduced the level of CXCR2 in the spinal cord of CCI rats, and the quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence staining was consistent with the above results. Therefore, our study suggested that daphnetin-mediated attenuation of CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling may be a potential pathway for NP treatment in CCI rats.
Age-associated Ligand-receptor Interactions Imputed from Nasopharyngeal Transcriptomes of COVID-19 Patients
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
A recent study of immune cell composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has shown increased expression of pro-inflammatory immune cells expressing more CCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in severe COVID-19 cases (Liao et al. 2020). Indeed, the present study has also shown increased interactions with these receptors in older patients between the NP-M interactions (Figure 1A). Interactions with these receptors were also increased within the microenvironment (M-M) in older patients (Figure 2A). CXCR2 signaling is also a chemokine axis that regulates neutrophil release form the bone marrow (Eash et al. 2010). This is further supported by the increased relative proportions of neutrophils in older patients suggested from computational gene expression deconvolution (Figure 3). Furthermore, CXCL1 and CXCL6 ligands were also shown to be involved in these interactions. CXCL1 secretion has been associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration (Susek et al. 2018). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) interaction with amyloid precursor protein (APP) was also higher in older patients and is implicated in regulating the activation of inflammatory cells (Park et al. 2019). Some notable M-M interactions included SELL receptor interactions with complement factor H (CFH), PODXL2, and CD34, which were decreased relative to the younger patient cohort (Figure 2A). CFH participates in regulation of complement activation (Rodríguez de Córdoba et al. 2004).
Discovery and characterization of a neutralizing pan-ELR+CXC chemokine monoclonal antibody
Published in mAbs, 2020
Jeffrey S. Boyles, Catherine B. Beidler, Beth A. Strifler, Daniel S. Girard, Zhanna Druzina, Jim D. Durbin, Michelle L. Swearingen, Linda N. Lee, Kristine Kikly, Sudhakar Chintharlapalli, Derrick R. Witcher
Since the discovery of CXCR1, CXCR2, and their ligands in the early 1990s, biological pathways that include these proteins have been targeted for drug development based on their relevance to neutrophil chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis.5,7–11 Both small molecules and protein therapeutics have been investigated. The attenuation of neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation and reduction in inflammation-induced angiogenesis is believed to provide a key opportunity to influence the pathogenesis of a variety of both oncology and autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. Among these indications are neutrophilic dermatoses, which are diseases characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils in the skin and occasionally in internal organs, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.12