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Insect Stings and Bites (Prevention)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Most reactions to insect bites and stings are mild and cause little more than localized redness, itching, stinging, and a raised bump due to minor swelling. Bites or stings are rarely a cause for concern unless they cause an allergic reaction or become infected. A severe allergic reaction with difficulty breathing, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, hives, or swelling of the throat, eyelids, or lips requires immediate medical attention.
Answers
Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction with the potential to be life threatening if not dealt with quickly and appropriately. Typical symptoms include: Acute onset.Dyspnoea, respiratory distress, wheeze.Cyanosis.Tachycardia, hypotension.Urticaria, angioedema, skin changes.Anaphylaxis typically involves more than one symptom in more than one part of the body at the same time.
The Addiction Cycle
Published in Joi Andreoli, The Recovery Cycle, 2023
The solution to avoiding an allergic reaction is to avoid the thing we are allergic to. If you are allergic to strawberries, you don’t eat strawberries. You wouldn’t go to Strawberries Anonymous or to rehab because you couldn’t stop eating strawberries. You would just quit eating strawberries. But with our drug of choice, it seems almost impossible to just quit.
Systematic review of mesotherapy: a novel avenue for the treatment of hair loss
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Aditya K. Gupta, Shruthi Polla Ravi, Tong Wang, Mesbah Talukder, Michela Starace, Bianca Maria Piraccini
Mesotherapy is a method of intradermal administration of drugs and bioactive substances with the potential of treating hair loss disorders such as PHL and TE. Several studies have shown statistically significant improvements in hair growth after mesotherapy injections utilizing various therapeutic agents and homoeopathic solutions. The use of lower drug doses, localized administration, and lower frequency of injections are factors that can improve the utility of mesotherapy. However, mesotherapy is currently not approved by the U.S. FDA or Health Canada, and given the reports of serious adverse effects observed after mesotherapy sessions with some agents, it is advised to proceed with caution when using this empirical treatment. To reduce the possible development of allergic reactions to the therapeutic agents or the preparations being injected, pretreatment allergy testing should be considered when appropriate and clinically indicated. Currently, no standardized treatment regimen exists for mesotherapy, which necessitates further large-scale, controlled clinical trials to optimize its efficacy and safety profile.
Epinephrine treatment of food-induced and other cause anaphylaxis in United States and Canadian Emergency Departments: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Geneva D. Mehta, Joumane El Zein, Isis Felippe Baroni, Myrha Qadir, Carol Mita, Rebecca E. Cash, Carlos A. Camargo
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and can be life-threatening [1]. It is relatively common, with lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis from all triggers estimated to be 0.05−5% [2,3]. The incidence of anaphylaxis appears to be rising, and food-induced anaphylaxis is the leading cause of anaphylactic reactions treated in the emergency department (ED) [4,5]. Although use of adjunctive medications (e.g. antihistamines and glucocorticoids) to treat anaphylaxis is common, epinephrine administration is most clearly associated with decreased morbidity and mortality and is the single first-line management strategy [6–8]. Early studies showed that real-world use of epinephrine to treat food-induced and other cause anaphylaxis in the ED was lower than expected [9,10]. Over the last two decades, there seems to be increasing awareness about the primacy of epinephrine in anaphylaxis management by ED healthcare providers primarily due to increased emphasis of this principal in anaphylaxis management guidelines [1,11–16]. However, there have been no systematic reviews that have investigated this topic.
Food immunotherapy: current status and future needs
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
F-OIT is not without risk. Allergic reactions generally occur during treatment, but these are usually mild or moderate in severity for most patients. Common allergic reactions include gastrointestinal symptoms (oral itching, abdominal pain), skin reactions (hives, angioedema), and respiratory symptoms (cough, wheeze). Anaphylaxis may also occur in 10–20% of patients, with studies reporting different rates [6,8]. Generally, allergic reactions are seen during the buildup and early maintenance phase, and tend to decrease significantly over time, with longer term maintenance. It has been observed that, frequently, co-factors such as infection or exercise are responsible for inducing allergic reactions during F-OIT; as a result, it is advised that patients avoid exercise for 2 hours after dosing and dosing may be interrupted or reduced during periods of illness (safe dosing rules) [9]. It is generally accepted that F-OIT is a safe intervention, with significant patient benefits, provided it is performed by allergy specialists that have a good understanding of this therapy and that patients comply with the safety instructions.