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Optical Methods for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Screening
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Robert Bartlett, Gennadi Saiko, Alexandre Yu. Douplik
The ABI is evaluated by measuring the systolic blood pressures in the ankles (dorsalis pedis and posterior tibia arteries) and arms (brachial artery) using a handheld Doppler and then calculating a ratio. It is measured by placing the patient in a supine position for 5 minutes. Systolic blood pressure is measured in both arms, and the higher value is used as the denominator of the ABI. Systolic blood pressure is then measured in the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibia arteries by placing the cuff just above the ankle. The higher value is used as the numerator of the ABI in each limb (Table 2.3).
Anesthesia Monitoring and Management
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Doppler ultrasonic flow detector (Doppler) (Figure 7.9) It detects blood flow through an artery when pressure is released from an occlusive cuff.It provides an estimation of the systolic blood pressure.The Doppler transducer is placed distal to the cuff that is attached to a sphygmomanometer. The placement is either on the tail or a limb.The width of the cuff is 20 to 40% the circumference of the tail.
How should I prepare for modeling?
Published in Thomas A. Gerds, Michael W. Kattan, Medical Risk Prediction, 2021
Thomas A. Gerds, Michael W. Kattan
Predictor variables that are difficult to measure are to be used with great care. When randomness in the value of a predictor variable translates into randomness of the predicted risk, it may happen that a patient bases an important decision about the medical future on information which, to a great extent, is subject to randomness. Hence, measurement error in one or more predictor variables can be a serious problem for a risk prediction model. A general goal is to reduce measurement error for all predictors to as low as possible. While this is often not under the control of the modeler, the data dictionary (Table 3.1) should clearly define how each predictor was measured. For example, the NIH Risk Assessment Tool uses the systolic blood pressure and the web link explains: Systolic blood pressure is the first number of your blood pressure reading. For example, if your reading is 120/80 (120 over 80), your systolic blood pressure is 120. The page does not explain further circumstances of measurement such as the time of the day, number of repetitions, position of body, or if a medically trained person should perform the measurement. These circumstances, as well as the age of the last blood pressure measurement at the time origin, may affect the value of the blood pressure reading and hence the predicted risk.
Predictors of FabAV use in copperhead envenomation
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Fatima Ramirez-Cueva, Adam Larsen, Elise Knowlton, Kelsey Baab, Robin Rainey Kiehl, Amy Hendrix, Michelle Condren, Megan Woslager
Variables we collected from the EMR are listed in Table 1. We used pharmacy distribution reports of FabAV administration to determine the number of vials administered. Using the data collected, we gave progressive local tissue effects a threshold of crossing a major joint (wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, or knee) and quantified 0 = none, 1 = one, 2 = two, 3 = three corresponding to the number of joints crossed [29]. We measured systemic signs attributable to snake envenomation by vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oximetry) and systemic symptoms on initial presentation. We considered a patient to have cardiovascular symptoms if on initial presentation there was evidence of hemodynamic compromise indicated by: systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 50 mmHg; and/or heart rate (HR) > 130 bpm [10,15]. We designated other systemic manifestations of envenomation by which the organ system was affected (Table 1) [15]. We defined hemotoxicity attributable to snake envenomation in binary fashion as any deviation in serum laboratory values including PT/INR > 1.5, aPTT > 40 s, platelet count <150,000/mm3, and/or fibrinogen level < 200 mg/dL [14,15]. Additionally, we categorized patient comorbidity by organ system including cardiovascular, hematology/oncology, psychiatric/abuse, pulmonary, and others (Table 1). Disease processes in the “Other” category included renal, gastrointestinal, neurologic, endocrine, and prior snake envenomation [34].
Intranasal Ketamine as an Adjunct to Fentanyl for the Prehospital Treatment of Acute Traumatic Pain: Design and Rationale of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2021
Jason McMullan, Christopher Droege, Richard Strilka, Kimberly Hart, Christopher Lindsell
Subjects must be experiencing pain due to acute trauma (e.g., extremity deformity; tourniquet placement; severe burns).A Verbal Numerical Rating Scale pain score ≥7 prior to any pain medication administration.Age: ≥18 through 65 years.Systolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg and <180 mmHg.Transported directly from the scene of injury to the participating ED by a participating EMS agency.English-speaking.Male sex.Receiving fentanyl IV/IN/IM as part of standard care.
The contribution of syndemic conditions to cardiovascular disease risk
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Violeta J. Rodriguez, Antonio Chahine, Manasi S. Parrish, Maria L. Alcaide, Tae Kyoung Lee, Barry Hurwitz, Manisha Sawhney, Stephen M. Weiss, Deborah L. Jones, Mahendra Kumar
The analytic plan consisted of several steps. First, univariate analyses (means, standard deviations, and proportions) were used to describe demographic characteristics, smoking, and measures of depression and substance abuse. The three logistic regression models were used to examine the association between number of syndemics and: 1. Presence of atherosclerotic plaque, 2. Elevated systolic blood pressure, and 3. Elevated diastolic blood pressure. The number of syndemics was included as a sum score, as in previous research (Friedman et al., 2015; Glynn et al., 2019; Harkness et al., 2018; Harkness et al., 2019; Sullivan et al., 2015). Statistically significant coefficients were transformed and reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24 on a Macintosh operating system.