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Evaluating Toxic Tort Cases
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
William P. Gavin, Mark A. Love, Wendie A. Howland
Siderosis is an accumulation of iron particles in the lungs. The particles are inhaled in the form of iron oxide, produced from the melting metal core. Most of the particles are absorbed by macrophages and transported to the lymphatic system. Lung biopsies, however, have shown iron particles in the alveoli and bronchioles (Artfield and Ross, 1978). Siderosis can be seen in chest x-rays (Doing and McLauglin, 1936). The changes resemble silicosis and are usually seen as nodular densities throughout the entire lung field, with the heaviest concentrations seen in the middle third of the lungs.
Removal of intraocular foreign bodies
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
William J Wirostko, Sumit Bhatia, William F Mieler, Cathleen M McCabe
Siderosis bulbi develops when iron is retained within the eye. Its rate of development and its degree of severity depend upon the content and location of the iron. Larger and more posterior ferrous IOFBs have the worst prognosis.70 Histopathologically, siderosis is characterized by the accumulation of iron within metabolically active cells. Cells of the retinal pigment epithelium, pars plana, trabecular meshwork, corneal epithelium, lens epithelium, and pupillary constrictor muscle may all be affected.70,71
Occupational respiratory diseases
Published in Louis-Philippe Boulet, Applied Respiratory Pathophysiology, 2017
Louis-Philippe Boulet, Marc Desmeules
Inhalation of high quantities of mineral dusts can lead to their accumulation in the lung and produce abnormal chest radiographs without, however, inducing an inflammatory response or a fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. These inert dusts include iron oxide, graphite, carbon, slate, aluminum, antimony and barium. Siderosis is caused by the deposition of iron oxide in the lung [14]. Iron miners, polishers, and foundry workers are at risk. The most frequent source is linked to arc welding. On anatomical examination, the lung is of red color and shows rusty macules of about 1–4 mm of diameter. On microscopy, we can observe perivascular and peribronchiolar accumulation of brownish pigment and some ferruginous bodies centered on a black iron oxide particle.
Centrilobular nodules in a smoker: Respiratory bronchiolitis or something else?
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2020
Marie-Hélène Ngo, Andrei Gorgos, Serge Corbin, Charles Leduc
Pulmonary siderosis is caused by inhalation of iron dust in the setting of welding, hematite mining or foundry work.The term siderosilicosis is applied when the lesions also contain silicate particles and nodular fibrosis.Radiologically, the pattern consists of a combination of the diffuse centrilobular micronodules seen in siderosis with the nodular and fibrosing features of silicosis.1Histologically, siderosilicosis is characterized by centrilobular deposits of iron pigment associated with nodular fibrosis (Figure 2). Iron oxide appears as coarse dark drown pigment (Figure 2) with standard histologic stains and dark blue with iron stains (not shown here). The silicate particles appear as small refringent particles under polarized light (Figure 3).Theoretically, siderosilicosis carries a greater risk of clinical impairment than siderosis as silicate particles induce fibrosis while iron oxide does not.2 However, there is some evidence that exposure to welding fumes may be an independent risk factor for significant interstitial fibrosis.3Recognition and proper diagnosis of this entity is crucial to initiate a complete occupational evaluation and clinical and workplace follow up.
Fetal hydrops – a review and a clinical approach to identifying the cause
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Esther Dempsey, Tessa Homfray, John M Simpson, Steve Jeffery, Sahar Mansour, Pia Ostergaard
Gestational autoimmune liver disease (GALD) occurs when there is transplacental passage of maternal IgG antibodies to fetal liver antigens [170,171]. The ensuing destruction of fetal hepatocytes leads to fetal liver failure with fibrosis and cirrhosis. As in post-natal liver failure, there is fetal hypoalbuminaemia [172], which is likely to cause reduced vascular colloid osmotic pressure and fluid shift into the interstitium. Diagnosis is confirmed by identification of non-hepatic siderosis. Antenatal therapy with high dose IVIG (Intravenous Immune Globulin) has been shown to improve outcomes in pregnancies at risk of GALD [173].
A woman and her breathtaking jewelry
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Dimitri Stylemans, Karolien Vekens, Stefanie Vincken, Shane Hanon, Eef Vanderhelst
Although pulmonary siderosis is mainly an asymptomatic disease, symptoms can occur in current smokers and in patients with associated silicosis. In a recent retrospective study in seven cases, two patients had symptoms (cough and chest pain) and both were smokers [1], as was also the case in our patient. The reason why symptoms are more frequent in smokers, is not known to date. Pulmonary function tests usually are normal. In this case, the small airway disease and associated air trapping as well as the reduced diffusion capacity could be explained by the active smoking, rather than by pulmonary siderosis.