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The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Grape seed extract (GSE) produces a significant reduction in BP in clinical trials and in meta-analyses [2–5,328–332]. A meta-analysis of 9 randomized trials with 390 subjects administered GSE in variable doses and variable amounts of resveratrol demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP of 1.54 mmHg (p < 0.02), but no reduction in DBP [328]. Significant reduction in BP of 11/8 mmHg (P < 0.05) occurs with a dose of 300 mg/day in 1 month [329]. In a meta-analysis of 16 clinical trials in 2016 with 810 subjects [331], there were significant reductions in BP with GSE 6/3 mmHg (p = 0.001) especially in young patients and those with obesity or metabolic syndrome [331]. A single-center, randomized, two-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 12-week parallel study was conducted in 36 middle-aged adults with prehypertension [332]. Subjects consumed a juice containing placebo or 300 mg/day GSE, 150 mg twice daily, for 6 weeks preceded by a 2-week placebo run-in and followed by 4-week no-beverage follow-up [332]. GSE significantly reduced SBP by 5.6% (P = 0.012) and DBP by 4.7% (P = 0.049) [332]. BP returned to baseline after the 4-week discontinuation period of GSE beverage. The higher the initial BP, the greater the response.
Do fast food consumption and physical activities associate with blood pressure of senior high school students in South Tangerang, Indonesia?
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Table 1 shows the characteristics of the study population. Prevalence of prehypertension 11.5% while hypertension 12%. Proportion of students who often consumed fast food was 56.4% while 20.2% of students were considered not active.
The circulatory system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is one of the most common health risks faced by adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 67 million adults (1 of every 3) have high blood pressure. Another 1 in 3 Americans have prehypertension, which is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Normal blood pressure is 120 systolic/80 diastolic mmHg. Based on current clinical guidelines from the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8), hypertension in patients less than 60 years of age is a blood pressure greater than 140 systolic/90 mmHg diastolic. Prehypertension is considered a blood pressure of 120–139 systolic/80–89 mmHg diastolic. Many patients with hypertension have elevations in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A percentage of patients may exhibit isolated systolic hypertension, which presents with elevations (>140 mmHg) of only systolic blood pressure. Isolated systolic hypertension is a significant risk factor for ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm and as such should be managed aggressively.
Poorly controlled hypertension is associated with elevated serum uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio: a cross-sectional cohort study
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Gulali Aktas, Atiqa Khalid, Ozge Kurtkulagi, Tuba Taslamacioglu Duman, Satilmis Bilgin, Gizem Kahveci, Burcin Meryem Atak Tel, Isa Sincer, Yilmaz Gunes
Primary HT has been linked with chronic low-grade inflammation in previous studies [19–21]. It is thought to be driven by endothelial changes in patients with HT. Studies suggest that endothelium dependent dilatation of the vasculature is impaired in subjects with high blood pressure [22]. Therefore, it is expected that inflammatory markers tend to be increased in HT. Indeed, C-reactive protein (CRP), a widely used predictor of inflammation, was reported to be elevated in patients with high blood pressure [23]. UHR might also be considered as a marker of metabolic and inflammatory conditions, since it is increased in liver steatosis [4], type 2 diabetes mellitus [11], and metabolic syndrome [10]. Therefore, increased UHR in HT make sense as reported in present study. Serum uric acid elevation is an independent risk factor for HT [24]. Interestingly, more than a quarter of the hypertensive population have increased uric acid levels in blood [7]. Not only in established HT but also the pre-hypertensive stage depicts elevated uric acid. A recent study showed that decreased HDL-cholesterol and increased uric acid were related with prehypertension [25]. Pre-hypertension is a condition in which systolic blood pressure lies with the range of 120 and 139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure varies from 80 to 89 mmHg [26].
Serum uric acid and risk of prehypertension: a dose–response meta-analysis of 17 observational studies of approximately 79 thousand participants
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2022
Leilei Liu, Xiao Zhang, Quanman Li, Ranran Qie, Minghui Han, Shaohui Zhan, Juntao Zhang, Linyuan Zhang, Cailiang Zhang, Feng Hong
In conclusion, the results from this meta-analysis suggest that individuals with elevated levels of SUA had a high risk for prehypertension. Also, a linear and positive SUA–prehypertension association was found. Increased in levels of SUA might serve as a trigger for physician to screen for prehypertension. People who could potentially benefit from a SUA-reducing diet or agent. As well, the present findings underline the need for early detection of prehypertension, it might provide a better guide to the need for preventing and rectifying hypertension. In addition, the prevalence, incidence rate, and risk of prehypertension are known to be influenced due to the racial and ethnic differences, further multi-ethnic studies are yet need to be elucidate the SUA–prehypertension association.
Reference intervals for 12 clinical laboratory tests in a Danish population: The Lolland-Falster Health Study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Neda Esmailzadeh Bruun-Rasmussen, George Napolitano, Randi Jepsen, Christina Ellervik, Knud Rasmussen, Stig Egil Bojesen, Elsebeth Lynge
We used data on (1) blood pressure: No hypertension was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) [14] guidelines as; systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg and also no self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure 120–139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 80–89 and no self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Known hypertension was defined as using antihypertensive medications. Undiagnosed hypertension was defined as no use of antihypertensive medications and systolic blood pressure above or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure above or equal to 90 mmHg. Further, (2) data on body mass index (BMI), calculated according to The World Health Organization (WHO) as weight divided by the square of the height (kg/m2) and categorized as underweight (BMI less than 18.5), normal (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), or obese (BMI 30.0 or greater) [15], and 3) on waist-hip ratio (WHR) calculated by waist-circumference divided by hip circumference. Elevated WHR was considered in females with WHR≥ 0.85 and in males with a WHR≥ 0.90.