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Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders Section 1. Benign Hematologic Disorders
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Monocytosis is seen in noninfective inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and collagen-vascular disease. Monocytosis may also be present in hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies. Prolonged and intensive chemo- or radiotherapy can affect the phagocytic capacity of the macrophages. As a result, fungal, protozoal, and bacterial infections are more likely to occur.
Benign Disorders of Leukocytes
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Gene L. Gulati, Zoran Gatalica, Bong H. Hyun
An absolute monocyte count above the upper limit of normal, usually over 1.0 × 109/L, is defined as monocytosis. Slight monocytosis is normal during the first two weeks of life. Monocytosis is often transient and correlates poorly with specific disorders. Among the conditions associated with monocytosis (Table 6), neutropenic disorders, indolent infections, convalescence from infection/inflammation, and malignancies, particularly hematologic, stand out as the most common causes.
Haematology
Published in Michael McGhee, A Guide to Laboratory Investigations, 2019
A raised monocyte count (monocytosis) occurs in: infectious mononucleosisHodgkin’s diseaseTBsubacute bacterial endocarditisacute and chronic leukaemialymphomasolid tumoursrecovery after agranulocytosis.
The prognostic role of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
Published in Hematology, 2023
Chuanyang Lu, Qiuni Chen, Jiaxin Li, Chunling Wang, Liang Yu
Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), one of the representative markers of inflammation and immune response, is defined as the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) divided by absolute monocyte count (AMC). Lymphopenia has been observed in advanced cancer patients and demonstrated to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. On the other hand, monocytes have been found to be recruited into the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression through local immune suppression as well as angiogenesis. Monocytosis has been verified to be a poor prognostic marker in solid tumors [12]. The lower LMR may represent an active inflammatory state. It has been confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in the past few years, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma (MM) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [13–16]. However, there is no consensus on the prognostic role of LMR in patients with MDS. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of LMR in MDS.
Comparative role of hematological indices for the assessment of in-hospital outcome of heart failure patients
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2021
Caterina Delcea, Catalin Adrian Buzea, Ancuta Vijan, Anamaria Draghici, Laura Elena Stoichitoiu, Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
Given these interdependent pathophysiological pathways, monocytosis was associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality of HF patients with both reduced [35] and preserved EF [36]. Lymphocytopenia was linked to short-term increased mortality [37,38] and rehospitalizations for HF [37], and a higher neutrophil count was correlated to the severity of LF dysfunction [39]. In patients with myocardial infarction, neutrophilia predicted the development of acute HF [40], while both thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were linked to increased mortality [41]. Therefore, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets play different roles in either myocardial fibrosis progression, sustained systemic inflammation, endothelial injury or impaired LF function, leading to worsening HF. Their increased numbers are not only a result of advancing HF, but also a contributing factor for its progression, explaining the correlation with increased mortality and severity linked to longer hospitalization in the acute phase of enhanced inflammation. Consequently, as proved in our study, their ratios, combining the links between each type of cell and HF, gained more statistical power compared to each cell type analyzed alone in predicting in-hospital outcomes of HF patients.
A new approach for diagnosing chronic myelomonocytic leukemia using structural parameters of Sysmex XNTM analyzers in routine laboratory practice
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2018
Françoise Schillinger, Elise Sourdeau, Marouane Boubaya, Lucile Baseggio, Sylvain Clauser, Edouard Cornet, Camille Debord, Jean-Pierre Defour, Frédérique Dubois, Marion Eveillard, Anne-Cécile Galoisy, Marie-Odile Geay, François Mullier, Vanessa Nivaggioni, Valérie Soenen, Pascal Morel, Francine Garnache-Ottou, Emily Ronez, Valérie Bardet, Eric Deconinck
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare disease, with an estimated annual incidence of 0.4 cases per 100,000 individuals [1–3]. The biological diagnosis, defined in 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and revised in 2016 is based on positive non-specific criteria: persistent monocytosis greater or equal to 1.0 × 109/L with monocytes accounting for ≥10% of the WBC count, dysplasia affecting at least one lineage in blood or bone marrow, blasts in bone marrow and/or in blood less than 20% and/or presence of a clonal abnormality. All other differential indications are negative criteria, namely: absence of reactive etiology to the monocytosis, absence of WHO criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms and absence of PDGFRα/β or FGFR1 rearrangement [4–6]. Diagnosis of CMML requires a bone marrow examination, cytogenetic and molecular analysis, performed after blood smear examination. Bone marrow usually shows dysplastic abnormalities and excess of monocytes often with promonocytes and/or blasts. Cytogenetic abnormalities are present in 30–40% of cases [7] while molecular analysis shows abnormalities in more than 90% of CMML cases [8]. Identification of gene mutation markers permits risk stratification and may improve clinical decision making [9,10].