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Prediction of pre-eclampsia
Published in Pankaj Desai, Pre-eclampsia, 2020
Amongst all cellular components, the most conspicuously studied are the platelets. They have been found to have a vital role in sustaining the process of pre-eclampsia in the body of a pregnant woman. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is studied by many research scientists in the prediction of pre-eclampsia. As early as in 1980s platelets have been examined for this purpose. The role of MPV in combination with other markers like uric acid also caught the fascination.16 It is suggested that MPV progressively increases in women affected by pre-eclampsia as compared with women without pre-eclampsia.17 These results recurred in some subsequent studies.18,19 MPV was also tested in sporadic studies in combination with other markers like uric acid, combined Doppler ultrasound, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and the like. However, it seems that this marker would never become popular for mass clinical use.
Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Males showing the following clinical and laboratory features should be suspected of WAS: (i) profound thrombocytopenia (<70,000 platelets/mm3); (ii) small platelet size (mean platelet volume >2 SD below the mean for the laboratory); (iii) recurrent bacterial or viral infection or opportunistic infection in infancy or early childhood; (iv) eczema; (v) autoimmune disorder; (vi) lymphoma; (vii) family history of one or more maternally related males with a WAS-related phenotype; (viii) absent or decreased intracellular WASP detection in hematopoietic cells as determined by flow cytometry or Western blotting; (ix) abnormal lymphocytes (decreased T cell subsets, especially proportion and absolute number of CD8+T cells; decreased NK cell function; decreased IgM, normal or decreased IgG, increased IgA, increased IgE; absent isohemagglutinins; absent or greatly decreased antibody responses to polysaccharide vaccines) (Figure 83.1) [1,14].
Congenital Platelet Dysfunction and von Willebrand Disease
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Hemostatic evaluation in the laboratory revealed a prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time all well within their respective normal reference intervals. The platelet count was in the lower normal range, at 189,000/μL, and the mean platelet volume was normal. Platelets appeared normal in number, size, and granularity on the peripheral blood film, although the degree of platelet clumping was noted to be only minimal. In a template bleeding time study, bleeding had still not stopped at either of two sites at 20 min following the initial incisions.
Mean Platelet Volume and Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio Are Predictors of Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Case-Control Study
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Ipek Guney Varal, Pelin Dogan, Ezgi Acar Celik, Elif Güler Kazancı
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the average size of platelets which is determined by contemporary hematology analyzers. Platelet volume is determined during the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes; therefore, the conditions that stimulate the bone marrow, such as infection, may cause changes in the platelet volume and number [6]. When the bone marrow is stimulated, the changes in platelet production and platelet maturation cause an increase in MPV. More megakaryocyte activation increases the number of younger platelets which are larger in size, with an increased MPV. A higher MPV value is indicative of compensated, bone marrow platelet production following platelet destruction as in septicemia. The MPV can also reflect endothelial damages as well as platelet activation in severe sepsis. MPR value is calculated by dividing the mean platelet volume by the platelet count [7]. During the LOS event, MPR is affected due to increase of MPV and platelet count change, which may benefit us in the use of MPV and MPR as an early and simple diagnostic marker [8]. We hypothesized that the MPV and accordingly MPR levels increase during a LOS event and sought to assess the role of MPV and MPR in predicting the group of responsible pathogens in preterm infants.
Pro106Leu MPL mutation is associated with thrombocytosis and a low risk of thrombosis, splenomegaly and marrow fibrosis
Published in Platelets, 2022
Musa Alzahrani, Saeed Al Turki, Waleed Al Rajban, Fatimah Alshalati, Fahad Almodaihsh, Khadega A. Abuelgasim, Bader Alahmari, Thamer Al Bogami, Osama Ali, Talal Al Harbi, Mohammed A. AlBalwi, Maram Alotaibi, Aamer Aleem, Ahmed Al Asker, Areej Al Mugairi
Thrombocytosis with platelet counts > 450 × 109/L was documented in 107 (93%) patients, but platelet count was normal in four (3.5%) patients and low in another four (3.5%) patients at the time of diagnosis of P106L mutation. The median platelet count at the time of diagnosis of the MPL Pro106Leu mutation was 667 × 109/L (range 13–1473). Univariate analysis (Table II) showed that the homozygous genotype was associated with a higher platelet count. The median mean platelet volume was 8 fL (range 6.1–10.2). Findings on the complete blood count included a median white blood cell count of 8.4 × 109/L (range 2.46–68.35), absolute neutrophil count 5 × 109/L (range 1.01–21.19), hemoglobin 132 g/L (range 85–148), mean corpuscular volume 84.1 fL (range 57–117.3), mean corpuscular hemoglobin 27.7 pg (range 18–37.5), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 327 g/dL (range 300–351), and red cell distribution width 13.6 (range 10.9–22.8). Table II summarizes the hematologic parameters of MPL P106L in the homozygous and heterozygous genotype subgroups.
High-lethality of suicide attempts associated with platelet to lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in psychiatric inpatient setting
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Andrea Aguglia, Andrea Amerio, Pietro Asaro, Matilde Caprino, Claudia Conigliaro, Gabriele Giacomini, Valentina Maria Parisi, Alice Trabucco, Mario Amore, Gianluca Serafini
Mean platelet volume has been recognised in the last decade as a marker of platelet activity. We found a significant association between high-lethality suicide attempts and increased mean platelet volume compared to low-lethality suicide attempts and psychiatric controls with no lifetime suicide attempts. Increased mean platelet volume in HLSA may be related to increased platelet activation due to sympathetic system activation. Furthermore, in LLSA lower platelet levels were found, presumably due to the inverse relation between MPV and platelet count. Considering platelets and lymphocytes, PLR may predict the inflammatory response. In this study, we found an increased PLR in HLSA compared to LLSA and controls: platelet activation is mediated by inflammatory factors such as serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, cytokines and P-selectin (Mazza et al. 2019). These pathways play a very important role on the pathophysiology of severe psychiatric disorders, such as mood-disorders (BD and MDD) and schizophrenia (Mazza et al. 2018), psychiatric conditions which are more likely to be linked to high lethality suicide attempts, also according to the sociodemographic characteristics of our sample. Thus, we can assume that increased neuroinflammation is the common pathway in HLSA, while a lower neuroinflammatory activation is common to LLSA and general psychiatric population.