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Radiation Hormesis in Immunity
Published in T. D. Luckey, Radiation Hormesis, 2020
Administration of a mitogen gave increased production of peripheral lymphocytes in lightly irradiated animals and humans when compared with controls. 411,492,495–498 Responding humans include peasants in the high background area of China and workers in the uranium industry. Large doses, of course, are harmful and produce lymphocytopenia. This may explain the decreased numbers of circulating T cells found in some Russian radiologists.312
Benign Disorders of Leukocytes
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Gene L. Gulati, Zoran Gatalica, Bong H. Hyun
Based on clinical findings, the laboratory evaluation of lymphocytopenia, particularly persistent lymphocytopenia, may include any of the following studies: Blood smear examinationCell marker studies, particularly flow cytometry, as needed, to determine the cell lineage (T or B) and maturation stage(s) (subsets of T and B cells) of the lymphoid cell populationBone marrow examinationQuantitative immunoglobulin determinationTest(s) for suspected or identified underlying condition(s)
Hematopoietic Organs and Blood
Published in George W. Casarett, Radiation Histopathology, 2019
Lymphocytopenia is detectable within minutes after irradiation, and becomes precipitous, reaching maximal levels in a day or less, because of the short circulating time of lymphocytes and high radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in the lymphopoietic organs. The lymphocytopenia is dose-dependent. Doses as low as 25 rads or less may cause some degree of lymphocytopenia (Figure 13).
Pathogenesis guided therapeutic management of COVID-19: an immunological perspective
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Ashutosh Kumar, Pranav Prasoon, Prakash S. Sekhawat, Vikas Pareek, Muneeb A. Faiq, Chiman Kumari, Ravi K. Narayan, Maheswari Kulandhasamy, Kamla Kant
Use of NSAIDs and systemic steroids in managing inflammation in COVID-19 has been controversial [90]. Though, there is a theoretical risk of worsening of the lymphocytopenia and delaying of the adaptive immunity; clinical trial results are suggesting in contrary [90]. As the intense inflammation can be a prime causative rationale for lymphocytopenia, anti-inflammatory effect of the NSAIDs and steroid may be outweighing lymphocytopenic risk and paradoxically may improve lymphocyte count [90]. Though, existing co-morbidities and side-effects associated with these drugs may be a limiting factor for prolonged use. Running clinical trials with NSAIDs and steroids in COVID-19 patients may make the issue clear. The preliminary results of a clinical trial—‘Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy (RECOVERY)’— in UK using low dose of dexamethasone in 2100 participants (6 mg once daily for 10 days) showed 1/3rd and 1/5th reduction in 28 days mortality in the patients on ventilator and oxygen support respectively, however it had no effect in those who were not receiving any respiratory support [91]. Del Valle et al. in a separate study found steroids, especially, dexamethasone led rapid and gradual reduction of serum levels of IL-6 [46].
Absorbing filter AN69 surface treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a single-center experience
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Gang Chen, Jie Ma, Peng Xia, Yan Hu, Zhengyin Liu, Xiang Zhou, Taisheng Li, Xiaowei Yan, Limeng Chen, Xuemei Li, Yan Qin, Shuyang Zhang
All patients demonstrated significant lymphocytopenia, with an average lymphocyte count of 0.57 ± 0.31 × 109/L. We noticed the increased inflammatory factors in these critical patients, including hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Ferrin. Patients who survived were inclined to show lower inflammatory factors but without significance compared with the non-survived group. Biomarkers referred to cardiac injury, including troponin I and creatinine kinase MB, concerningly increased in both groups. On ICU admission, patients who survived indicated a relatively more preserved kidney function in urea, serum creatinine, and cystatin C. However, statistics yielded no significant difference (Table 2).
Influence of pretreatment with everolimus or sunitinib on the subacute hematotoxicity of 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2020
Eva Medaer, Chris Verslype, Eric Van Cutsem, Jeroen Dekervel, Paul M. Clement, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Annouschka Laenen, Olivier Gheysens, Karolien Goffin, Sander Jentjens, Koen Van Laere, Christophe M. Deroose
In our study cohort, 18% developed a subacute grade 3/4 anemia. Nine percent developed a grade 3 leukopenia and 6% developed a grade 3 neutropenia. No grade 4 leukopenia or neutropenia was observed. In 43% of the patients, we observed a grade 3/4 lymphocytopenia and 14% of the patients developed a grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. Our overall toxicity levels are comparable to those reported in other studies [13,14]. At baseline, the majority of the patients showed mild anemia (hemoglobin decreased but >10.0 g/dL). Six out of the 82 patients (7%) showed mild leukopenia (grade 1–2). Five patients (6%) showed a mild neutropenia, while one other patient a grade 3 neutropenia. Mild lymphocytopenia was present in 27 patients (33%) at baseline, while severe lymphocytopenia (grade 3–4) was present in three patients (4%). Ten patients showed a grade 1 thrombocytopenia (12%).