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Dyslipidemia
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Dyslipidemia is suspected because of physical factors or complications such as atherosclerotic disease. Primary lipid disorders are signified by physical manifestations, atherosclerotic disease before 60 years of age, family history of atherosclerotic disease, and serum cholesterol higher than 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L). The serum lipids are measured. A routine lipid profile includes direct measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. The total cholesterol and total triglycerides values reveal cholesterol and total triglycerides in all circulating lipoproteins. These include chylomicrons, HDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and VLDL. Even when no disorder can be diagnosed, total triglycerides can value by up to 25% on a day-to-day basis, and total cholesterol values can vary by 10%. Most patients should have all lipids measured while fasting – usually for 12 hours – to provide the best accuracy and consistency. However, total cholesterol and HDL can be measured when not fasting.
Palliative Care for Adults
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Christopher M. Wilson, Amy J. Litterini
Until diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or disorder, all individuals have the opportunity to make health and lifestyle changes as they relate to reducing disease risk. It is not a novel concept that inadvisable health behaviors lead to shorter and less active lives, with increased chronic disease. Cardiovascular risk factors include behaviors such as unhealthy diet, unfavorable cholesterol/lipid profile, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and tobacco/nicotine/alcohol use, all of which directly contribute to increased risk of morbidity and mortality.27 There is a growing body of research further establishing the relationship between physical inactivity and cancer risk.28 Regardless of disease risk, aging is the condition that will affect all individuals, and with it comes the predictable age-related changes which exercise and healthy behaviors can proactively mitigate.
Metabolic Effects of Exercise on Childhood Obesity
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Kristi B. Adamo, Taniya S. Nagpal, Danilo F. DaSilva
A systematic review reporting on the effects of exercise cessation on the lipid profile of children living with obesity showed that HDL-c and total cholesterol were unaltered 12–48 weeks after completion of the exercise programme; the duration of the exercise programmes was roughly 36–48 weeks (40). Although this review was based on only five studies, the results are encouraging, as some of the benefits from exercise (e.g., sports practice, aerobic and resistance training) are preserved even when the intervention is complete. It is likely that some of the lifestyle changes established during the intervention were maintained by the children, thus supporting the maintenance of the improved lipid profile, although this requires further investigation (40).
Myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Devi Nallappan, Kien Chai Ong, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Kek Heng Chua, Umah Rani Kuppusamy
Lipids consist of a diverse group of fats, oils, fat-soluble vitamins, sterols, and glycerides that play a vital role as sources of energy. Lipid profile measurement serves as a primary screening test to assess abnormalities in lipids, especially total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (DeSantes et al. 2017). In the present study, the development of hyperlipidemic condition upon prolonged high-fat diet consumption was observed in the HFD group. Meanwhile, oral administration of MD at a low dose was found to be more effective in attenuating lipid profile, especially triglyceride, total cholesterol and non-HDL-c which highly reflects antihyperlipidemic efficacy of MD. As reported in previous studies, myricetin derivative such as myricitrin has a strong inhibitory effect on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (Yokomizo and Moriwaki 2005).
Comparison of biochemical and safety parameters of regular kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) users at two different time periods
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Dinesh Sangarran Ramachandram, Kow Chia Siang, Rini R
Blood samples of 10 mL were withdrawn from each subject by a trained medical doctor at a private clinic and sent to Pathology & Clinical Laboratory (Malaysia) for analyses. The tests or parameters included a) hematology profile tests, b) blood glucose tests, c) kidney function tests, d) lipid profile tests, e) liver function tests, and f) thyroid function test. The biochemistry analyses were performed using the Sysmex XT4000i and Siemens Advia 1800 systems. Thyroid screening tests were performed with Siemens Centaur XP. For hematology profile, subjects were screened for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet count, and white blood cells (WBC) count. Differential count was also carried out to determine the percentages of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil. Serum biochemistry parameters measured were as follows: iron, glucose; kidney function test: urea, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calcium, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and chloride; lipid profile test: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL ratio; liver function test: total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT).
The Usefulness of Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Diabetic Macular Edema Prediction and Early anti-VEGF Treatment Response
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Duygu Yalinbas Yeter, Serap Eroglu, Baris Sariakcali, Erman Bozali, Ayse Vural Ozec, Haydar Erdogan
Various blood count parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been demonstrated as systemic inflammatory biomarkers.7 Also, these markers are associated with diabetes and its complications.1,8 Notably, it was reported that the NLR could be a diagnostic biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity in DME.9 On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from the blood lipid profile is responsible for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant processes, unlike the pro-inflammatory activity of monocytes and neutrophils.10 The monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) shows inflammation and oxidative stress due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HDL and the pro-inflammatory effect of monocytes. MHR is related to cardiovascular diseases and has been identified as a biochemical marker in some ocular diseases.11–13 However, there is no study in the literature that evaluates the association between DME, a well-known inflammatory disease, and MHR.