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The lymphoreticular system and bone marrow
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
By far the most common of these is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which is endemic in parts of the Mediterranean basin and Southeast Asia. G6PD plays an important role in maintaining stores of glutathione, which helps prevent oxidation of haemoglobin. Therefore, any process that places an oxidative stress on red cells can cause a haemolytic episode. This can be an infection, exposure to drugs such as aspirin, sulphonamides, or antimalarials, and even ingestion of fava beans (favism).
The safety and quality of food
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Chemical hazard from food may arise if individual susceptibility causes increased sensitivity to a particular toxin. The common broad bean Vicia faba contains a substance that causes haemolysis (red cell breakdown). This can lead to a severe anaemia called favism in those who are genetically susceptible because they are deficient in a particular enzyme (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase). As many as 35% of some Mediterranean peoples and 10% of Black Americans have this particular genetic deficiency. Vomiting, abdominal pain and fever are the acute symptoms; jaundice and dark coloured urine may occur as a result of the haemolysis; severe anaemia is a possible consequence of long term exposure.
Abnormal Red Cell Metabolism
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Ingestion of fava beans (Vicia fava) in susceptible subjects (favism) may precipitate severe attack of hemolysis (6). Favism is most commonly seen in the Mediterranean countries and in the Middle East, although isolated cases have been reported from all over the world. Favism occurs most commonly in boys between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Symptoms of acute intravascular hemolysis occur within a few hours after ingestion. Favism is most commonly associated with G6PD Mediterranean. It has not been reported with G6PD A− type.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: An Overview of the Prevalence and Genetic Variants in Saudi Arabia
Published in Hemoglobin, 2021
Most G6PD-deficient individuals remain asymptomatic. Although some might develop clinical manifestations, including acute hemolytic anemia (AHA), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice), favism, chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA), and even death in neonates, however, it is rarely considered a fatal disorder [3,4]. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with corresponding genetic variants has been classified into five types (classes). Class 1 is rare: the G6PD enzyme is severely deficient (<10.0% activity) with a reduced lifespan of RBCs and is associated with CNSHA. Class II is common: the activity of G6PD is severely affected (<10.0% activity) and is commonly associated with AHA, which is seen with the Mediterranean mutation. Class III is a mild-to-moderate deficiency of the G6PD enzyme (10.0–60.0% activity), associated with intermittent acute hemolysis, observed in the G6PD A − mutation. In class IV, the activity of G6PD activity remains normal to mildly affected (60.0–100.0% activity). Class V has the enzymatic activity of >100.0% of the G6PD enzyme [1–3,5,6].
Haloperidol for the treatment of opioid addiction in advanced cancer patients: a case series
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2020
Alessandro Parisi, Maria Vittoria Pensieri, Alessio Cortellini, Carla D’Orazio, Corrado Ficorella, Lucilla Verna, Giampiero Porzio
A 45-year-old woman with locally recurrent breast cancer with chest wall infiltration and lymph-node, lung and pleural metastasis progressive to a first-line treatment with pertuzumab, trastuzumab and docetaxel, was hospitalized for worsening of chest pain and general weakness. The patient was a current smoker with a 10 pack-years of tobacco history, with no alcohol or illicit drugs intake history. Her medical history was positive for favism.
Childhood accidental poisoning in western Iraq: Pattern and risk factors
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Riyadh H. Al-Janabi
The number of selected controls were 244 composed of 146 males and 98 females. All admitted to the EU for acute non-poisoning conditions as follows: 84 cases with acute gastroenteritis, 79 cases with bronchiolitis, 37 with asthmatic attacks, 19 with pneumonia, 6 with Favism, 3 with acute Kala-azar, and 16 with others.