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Hypertension
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
Epidemiological approaches to hypertension up until the 1980s were directed on the presumption that systolic and diastolic pressures represented specific physiologic and pathophysiologic phenomena, with elevated diastolic pressure necessary for a diagnosis of hypertension to be made and pathognomonic of this condition. A more mature approach has now evolved (Olsen et al., 2016). All trials of hypertension up until 1985 entered patients on the basis of diastolic blood pressure and assessed response on the basis of a decrease in diastolic pressure.
A patient with high blood pressure
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Malignant hypertension is rare. Visual disturbance, headache and breathlessness may occur when the diastolic pressure is greater than 130 mmHg, and systolic pressure is greater than 220 mmHg. Fundo-scopy may reveal retinal changes and papilloedema, and patients may have overt signs of cardiac failure (see pp. 178 and 213). Patients may present with decreased consciousness, focal neurological signs, fits (hypertensive encephalopathy), and stroke.
Chronic hypertension and acute hypertensive crisis
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
William F. Rayburn, Lauren Plante
Arguments have been made both for and against treating mild elevations of diastolic pressure in young adults. Antihypertensive therapy reduces morbidity and mortality from stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and renal failure for all degrees of hypertension, but the benefit is modest for mild hypertension and is concentrated primarily on those with hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, left ventricular hypertrophy, and cigarette smoking (4).
Post-Cessation Weight Gain among Smokers with Depression Predicts Smoking Relapse
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2023
Andrea Krotter, Gema Aonso-Diego, Ángel García-Pérez, Gloria García-Fernández, Roberto Secades-Villa
According to previous studies, higher rates of nicotine dependence at baseline (Killi et al., 2019; Kmetova et al., 2014; Komiyama et al., 2013; Prod’hom et al., 2013), and baseline diastolic pressure predicted WG at post-treatment. Incorporating a prolonged gradual cessation of nicotine intake than this study does, by a 20% weekly instead of 30% for instance, could reduce withdrawal symptomatology, and therefore post-cessation WG (Baha & Le Faou, 2014; Lindson et al., 2019). Otherwise, it is well known that high diastolic pressure entails hypertension risk and coronary disease (Franklin et al., 2001; Hasegawa et al., 2019), which are considerably prevalent in obese population (DeMarco et al., 2014; Julius et al., 2000). In the absence of having assessed the participants’ height, and thus the body mass index (BMI), the association found between diastolic pressure and WG could indicate that individuals with a higher BMI at baseline had greater post-cessation WG (Lycett et al., 2011).
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Clients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) in the Presence of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2022
David Levine, Brittany Work, Susan McDonald, Nicole Harty, Carolee Mabe, Alison Powell, Graceline Sanford
Gradual strengthening and exercise training have proven to be effective methods to treat POTS. Although the dropout rate in this study was high, given the correlation between EDS and POTS, exercise training may provide significant benefits. Clients who completed three months of exercise training demonstrated increased plasma/blood volume, total hemoglobin mass, and red blood cell volume (Fu et al., 2011). Both systolic and diastolic pressure were found to be lower, as well as standing heart rate. Patient quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey and significantly improved (physical functioning score 33 ± 10 before versus 50 ± 9 after). All clients reported significant improvement in quality of life with exercise training as well (Fu et al., 2011). Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants can play an important role in encouraging exercise as a means to enable occupations, but also use occupations to increase activity levels in people with EDS.
Moderate intensity endurance exercise: a beneficial intervention for relative cardiovascular parameters of primary and secondary hypertensive patients. Randomised controlled trial
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2021
Abdulsalam M. Yakasai, Sonill S. Maharaj, Jibril M. Nuhu, Musa S. Danazumi
Our data on secondary hypertension are in agreement with the previous studies that exercise training has a beneficial effect on the blood pressure of patients with hypertension due to secondary causes. The results of Hagberg et al. [33] on haemodialysis patients with hypertension poorly controlled by ultrafiltration indicate a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure after 14 months of exercise training. In this study, three patients had diastolic hypertension initially and they achieved significant reduction in their diastolic pressure. In addition to the reduction in blood pressure, the participants also experienced a 70% reduction in antihypertensive medications intake as a result of exercise training. Moreover, a similar study by Cade and co-workers [34] indicated that four participants diagnosed with severe secondary hypertension have achieved significant reduction in their blood pressures following exercise training. However, in this study, 5 other participants with less severe secondary hypertension experienced only minimal reductions in blood pressure with exercise training.