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An unsteady pensioner
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) assesses five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall and language. The maximum score achievable is 30. A score of 23 or below indicates cognitive impairment. It is used to screen for, and establish, the severity of cognitive impairment. It is useful for monitoring changes in cognition using sequential assessments, e.g. for assessing the progression of dementia. Dementia is a syndrome of global impairment of cognition in clear consciousness. Compare this with the definition of acute confusional state/delirium.
MemoryBox
Published in Paul A. Rodgers, Design for People Living with Dementia, 2022
A mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is a 30-point questionnaire used for measuring cognitive impairment that categorises participants according to their impairment levels. The MMSE provides an overall score out of 30. The following ranges were used for this trial: 25–30 for normal cognition, 19–24 for mild cognitive impairment, 10–18 for moderate cognitive impairment, and 0–9 for severe cognitive impairment. The impairment levels of the 11 participants comprising the trial were: 1 mild, 9 moderate, and 1 severe.
Dementia
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
In clinical practice, time usually limits the depth and complexity of cognitive testing. A wide range of assessment tools used both for screening and rating of disease severity has been developed.17 Brief screening tools include the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Six-Item Screener (SIS) (see Appendix A). The 30-point Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) offers a little more depth of assessment. Here, the higher the score the better, with a score of 25 or below suggesting significant impairment (see Appendix A). It tests only limited cognitive domains (e.g. not executive function and little visuospatial ability). An alternative is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).18 This test also gives a score out of 30 but requires a wider range of cognitive skills. It requires a specialised testing sheet, which includes animal pictures for identification.
Altered cerebral perfusion and microstructure in advanced Parkinson’s disease and their associations with clinical features
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Zhaoxi Liu, Yiwei Zhang, Han Wang, Dan Xu, Hui You, Zhentao Zuo, Feng Feng
Forty-one subjects (20PD and 21 HC) were enrolled in this study. PD patients (16 patients with Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score = 3, 4 patients with H&Y score = 4, Median Hoehn and Yahr = 3) diagnosed according to the Movement Disorders Society 2015 criteria [20] were consecutively recruited from the Neurology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2019 to October 2020. Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled from a community in Beijing. All participants underwent Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) examinations to evaluate their cognitive status. In addition, the clinical features of PD patients were assessed, including the total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, UPDRS III score, olfactory test score, disease duration and age at disease onset.
Psychotropic Use among Older Adults Living at Home: Use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Drug Classification System and Beers Criteria®
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
G. H. Gunnarsdottir, MS, RN, A. K. Sigurdardóttir, PHD, RN, K. Ólafsson, MA, G. K. Kristofersson, PHD, RN, PMKNP-BC
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) consists of 30 questions, scored as 0 or 1 points, and the points are added together to give the final score. Higher scores indicate more depression (Yesavage et al., 1982). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assesses cognitive function as attention, orientation, memory, and calculation. Scores range from 0–30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function (Folstein et al., 1975; Valdimarsdóttir et al., 2000). The instruments have been evaluated for psychometric properties in older adults. As a standardized measure of bodily pain, The Short Form 36-item health survey SF-36® was used. The raw test scores were transformed to scaled scores, which can range from 0 to 100, where a higher number indicates a more favorable level of health (Ware, 2000).
The relationship between early post-stroke cognition and longer term activities and participation: A systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Traditionally, brief cognitive screening tools, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; Nasreddine et al., 2005) are used. Such tools allow quick bedside administration but most are designed to only provide a domain-general cognitive assessment, classifying patients as either cognitively “impaired” or “unimpaired.” Although such an approach provides a simple indication of the presence of cognitive impairment, this has drawbacks. For example, many domain-general assessment measures, such as the MMSE (Nys, van Zandvoort, de Kort, Jansen, Kappelle et al., 2005) and MoCA (Chan et al., 2014; Demeyere et al., 2016), have been found to lack sensitivity to the specific cognitive impairment following stroke. A recent systematic review found that the relationship between early post-stroke cognitive impairment, as measured by the MMSE, and chronic outcome was inconsistent (Van Heugten, Walton, & Hentschel, 2015).