China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Sensors, and Nutritional Interventions in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Published in Jinghua Hu, Yong Yu, Polycystic Kidney Disease, 2019
Sonu Kashyap, Eduardo Nunes Chini
Food/calorie restriction (FR), first described by McCay and Crowell in 1934, showed prolonged life spans of rats when fed a severely reduced calorie diet while maintaining micronutrient levels.93 FR has been well-tolerated in laboratory animals, including mice, rats, monkeys, and humans, showing advantageous metabolic effects.8,42,94 In addition, FR has also been reported to decrease oxidative stress and age-related renal dysfunction and prevent the development of ESRD in the rat remnant kidney model.95,96 Health-span studies published on FR in nonhuman primates (rhesus monkeys) also confirms the health benefits,97 showing reduction in age-related and all-cause mortality in these animals.98 Furthermore, data from the “Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)” trials also shown that FR leads to favorable results and a better metabolic profile in humans.99,100 Severe FR also showed protection against breast cancer.101
Exercise Management for the Obese Patient
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
John M. Jakicic, Renee J. Rogers, Katherine A. Collins
When combined with caloric restriction, there are mixed results for the effect of physical activity on blood lipids. For example, Goodpaster et al.51 reported that the addition of physical activity to an energy restricted diet did not improve blood lipids when compared to the improvements observed with an energy restricted diet without exercise in severely obese adults.51 However, results from the CALERIE Study showed when physical activity was added to calorie restriction, there were significant reductions in both total cholesterol and LDL, and these improvements were not observed with calorie restriction that did not include physical activity as part of the intervention.96
Aging and Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Jasper Most, Leanne M. Redman, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials were initiated by the U.S. National Institute of Aging to provide the first randomized controlled clinical trials of longer-duration CR in healthy, nonobese humans. The CALERIE trials were conducted in two phases. The overall purpose of the first three individual studies in Phase 1 (CALERIE 1) was to inform the design and clinical endpoints in a larger, randomized controlled trial of CR for longer duration in Phase 2 (CALERIE 2).
A narrative review of biopsychosocial factors which impact overweight and obesity for individuals with acquired brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Simon Driver, Megan Douglas, Megan Reynolds, Evan McShan, Chad Swank, Randi Dubiel
The ABI -specific biopsychosocial factors and general barriers faced to leading a healthy lifestyle contribute to overweight and obesity rates in this population. Thus, understanding the factors that influence weight-loss and lifestyle change from a biopsychosocial perspective is important to allow healthy lifestyle interventions to be tailored to meet the unique needs of people after ABI. While limited evidence-based approaches to weight-loss after ABI currently exist (32,89,148), efforts to modify (149–151) and assess the efficacy (129,152,153) of the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance (154) to meet the needs of people ABI are being systematically completed. The Group Lifestyle Balance program is community based, free, and publicly available, and approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recognition Program as an evidence-based approach to diabetes prevention. Similar efforts to modify and assess the efficacy of other evidence-based approaches to promote weight-loss, such as Look AHEAD [Action for Health in Diabetes] (155), POUNDS Lost [Preventing Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies] (156), and CALERIE [Comprehensive Assessment of Long Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy] (157), are warranted.
Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Franziska Grundler, Cesare R. Sirtori, Massimiliano Ruscica
The CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of the Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) study [128,129], enrolled participants with BMI between 22 and 28 kg/m2, proposing a 25% CR throughout a 2-year period with a control group staying on their current diet. CR significantly improved general health and mood [130]. Weight, body fat, fat mass, and fat free mass as well as cardiometabolic risk factors, i.e. lipids, BP, C-reactive protein, and insulin sensitivity index were significantly reduced compared to controls [131–133]. Concerning obese subjects, the TEMPO (Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting Optimum Metabolic Health and Body Composition in Obesity) trial compared the long-term impact of a 25–35% CR during 12 months vs a 65–75% CR during 4 months followed by 8 months of a more moderate energy restriction. Both interventions had a prescribed protein intake of 1.0 g/kg of baseline body weight per day. Among the 101 recruited postmenopausal women, those on the 65–75% CR lost more abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, but they also lost more whole body and thigh muscle lean mass, proportional to the total weight loss. Moreover, participants allocated to the severe group lost more total hip mineral density. Overall, although these changes were not related to differences in muscle strength [134], prudence should be exerted as in any manipulation of food intake in men or postmenopausal women with sarcopenia or osteoporosis.