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Nutritional Deficiencies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Deepa Bhupali, Fernando D. Testai
RDA of vitamin E: Age 0.6 months: 3 mg.Age 6–12 months: 4 mg.Age 1–3 years: 6 mg.Age 4–10 years: 7 mg.Adults and elderly: 8–15 mg.
Hematopoiesis and Storage Iron in Infants
Published in Bo Lönnerdal, Iron Metabolism in Infants, 2020
There is a well-documented racial difference between blacks and whites in their mean hemoglobin concentration. Although more detailed studies are lacking in infants, a large American survey (NHANES I) showed a difference also at age 1 year.37 In 110 pairs of infants, the difference in hemoglobin concentration was 1.0 g/dl in populations which were income-matched and included all transferrin iron saturation levels. The difference was 0.7 g/dl if low transferrin iron saturations were excluded, and was not statistically significant.37 The results from the same survey also suggested that the hemoglobin concentration is slightly but consistently higher in obese infants than lean infants. The difference in mean values was 0.3 g/dl in boys and 0.12 g/dl in girls.38 This trend remained unaltered if transferrin iron saturations below 16% were excluded from the data. The authors speculate that the finding may be explained by higher food intake for the obese than the lean, but there may also be additional explanations as in the polycythemia of the massively obese.38
Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
With treatment, hepatomegaly recedes. Subsequent episodes can largely be avoided or aborted. Tolerance to fasting improves with age [1]. Long-term prognosis may be excellent [33]. One patient developed gout at 32 years of age and was treated with allopurinol [33].
Does stunting still matter in high-income countries?
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Joseph Freer, Joanna Orr, Robert Walton, Helen L. Storr, Leo Dunkel, Andrew J. Prendergast
Analysis of data, mostly from birth cohorts, has identified inverse relationships between birth weight or birth length and IHD (Barker et al. 1989; Eriksson et al. 2001), hypertension and T2DM. In a Finnish cohort, stunting at age 1 and 2 years of age was associated with IHD (Eriksson et al. 2001), but, in general, linear growth in childhood is positively correlated with cardiometabolic disease (Leon et al. 1996; Forsén et al. 1999, 2000, 2004; Eriksson et al. 2000). These relationships in opposite directions (i.e. short height and rapid linear growth) at different points in the life course illustrate four complementary hypotheses that have been advanced to elucidate relationships between early life growth and adult cardiovascular disease: the foetal origins hypothesis; the growth acceleration hypothesis; the mismatch hypothesis; and the thrifty phenotype hypothesis.
Interventions for Loneliness Among Adult Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2021
Jennifer J. McElfresh, Meghan B. Skiba, Chris G. Segrin, Terry A. Badger, Tracy E. Crane, Janice D. Crist, Cynthia A. Thomson
On review of demographic factors, the studies conducted in the U.S., recruited homogeneous samples of predominantly non-Hispanic, Caucasian and female participants. In fact, samples largely represented college-educated women.29,30,32–34,36 Furthermore, interventions that were evaluated primarily enrolled women younger than ≤65 years of age, while only one study29 explicitly recruited those who were age ≥70 years, despite the likelihood that advanced age combined with a cancer diagnosis further amplifies risk for loneliness. With an anticipated 73% (26.1 million) of survivors aged 65 years and older by 2040, there is a need for interventions serving survivors of advanced age1 in order to address their unique aging-related psychosocial concerns, including loneliness. Additional features remain largely unaddressed in the current literature including, the need to address loneliness in individuals of lower socio-economic status and under-represented culturally diverse groups. Yet, literature suggests loneliness may be higher in these groups.13 Of note, these groups are the more understudied in broader cancer survivorship research, which may be in part due to difficulty attaining diverse samples via conventional recruitment methods.46 Efforts to decrease disparities in survivorship care should further consider cultural variables (e.g., language, appraisal of the healthcare system), resources and access to care in future explorations of interventions aimed at loneliness mitigation for cancer survivors.
Primary immune thrombocytopenia in US clinical practice: incidence and healthcare burden in first 12 months following diagnosis
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2020
Derek Weycker, Ahuva Hanau, Mark Hatfield, Hongsheng Wu, Anjali Sharma, Mark E. Bensink, David Chandler, Aaron Grossman, Michael Tarantino
In adults, ITP normally has a sudden onset and follows an extended course, while in children, disease onset often follows a viral infection or immunization, with approximately 80% recovering spontaneously within 6 months of onset, 5% recovering within 6–12 months of onset, and 15% requiring extended management1,3–5. According to practice guidelines, ITP can be classified into three groups based on duration of disease: newly diagnosed (0–<3 months), persistent (≥3–<12 months), and chronic (≥12 months)1,6–8. Patients with ITP often have no symptoms or minimal bruising, although some experience serious bleeding—such as skin, mucosal, gastrointestinal, or intracranial—the risk of which increases with age1,9,10.