China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Vagal Afferent Innervation and the Regulation of Gastric Motor Function
Published in Sue Ritter, Robert C. Ritter, Charles D. Barnes, Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Abdominal Vagal Afferents, 2020
The search for the controlling mechanisms in intestinal inhibition of gastric emptying has been based on the study of the nutrient infusion effects on motor function of different gastroduodenal regions. These studies have revealed that the control of gastric emptying results from pressure changes at different gastroduodenal sites, namely the proximal stomach, antrum, pylorus and duo-denum, and that the extrinsic innervation plays a significant role in these control mechanisms.
Gastric Lipase
Published in Margit Hamosh, Lingual and Gastric Lipases: Their Role in Fat Digestion, 2020
Gastric lipase has been purified from human gastric juice114, 115 and from rabbit stomach.116 Initial attempts at identification of this enzyme were carried out by the Szafran group who subjected human gastric juice and preparations of gastric mucosa to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.65 These investigators found that the enzyme could be resolved into five bands with lipolytic and esterolytic activity (tested with emulsified olive oil or milk fat and with l-naphthyl butyrate, respectively). Interestingly, the lipolytic and esterolytic activity in the fundic mucosa had similar migration characteristics, while that in the stomach antrum was different, leading the investigators to suggest that the lipase is secreted into the lumen from cells in the fundic area of the stomach.
The digestive system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
The stomach is divided into three regions: Fundus: uppermost region of the stomach located above the junction with the esophagusBody: middle or main portion of the stomachAntrum: terminal region of the stomach leading to the gastroduodenal junction
The metabolic and neuroinflammatory changes induced by consuming a cafeteria diet are age-dependent
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Deborah Teixeira, Ana Lucia Cecconello, Wania Aparecida Partata, Luciano Stürmer de Fraga, Maria Flávia Marques Ribeiro, Renata Padilha Guedes
Studies in humans have shown that there is a gradual decline in the amount of food ingested in the elderly.33,34 Aging is associated with an altered perception of food, such as decreased smell and taste, decreased perception of textures and consequently decreased food ingestion.35 Problems in digestion and absorption of nutrients in older individuals are also common.36,37 In addition, a stretch of the stomach antrum is an important satiety signal, but in the elderly, there is a delayed gastric emptying, which interferes with this signaling triggered in the gastrointestinal tract38. The decreased food intake may be also attributed to a disruption in the endocrine systems related to appetite control. It is known that in the aging, there is a decrease in the sensitivity to orexigenic hormones and an increase in the anorexigenic responses, leading to ‘anorexia of aging’.35,39 Although all the cafeteria diet-fed rats showed greater body weight, the Caf-Aged group showed a final body mass lower than the Caf-Young group (data not shown). Furthermore, the aged animals showed lower weight gain than the young ones. This is probably because of the inherent physiological changes described above that occur in older individuals.
Hypergastrinemia and mortality in gastric adenocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study, the HUNT study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Eivind Ness-Jensen, Erling Audun Bringeland, Patricia Mjønes, Jesper Lagergren, Jon Erik Grønbech, Helge Waldum, Reidar Fossmark
Gastric cancer is the 5th most common cancer worldwide [1]. In Western populations, most gastric cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages and the mortality is high, ranking third in cancer related mortality only after lung and liver cancer. The Laurén’s diffuse histological type of adenocarcinoma responds less to chemotherapy regimens and has shorter survival compared to the intestinal type [2,3]. Other factors associated with gastric cancer related survival include age, tumour sub-location, tumour stage, and radicality of the surgical resection [4,5]. Pangastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a main risk factor of gastric cancer [6], and the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased paralleling the reduced prevalence of Hp infection. However, in recent years, the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in the proximal stomach has increased in younger cohorts (<50 years of age) in the United States and the United Kingdom [7–9]. Suggested causes of this increase include the increased use of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment and increased prevalence of autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis [10–13]. This increased gastric cancer risk could be mediated by hypergastrinemia [14]. Gastrin is a hormone which stimulates gastric acid secretion and oxyntic mucosal growth in the proximal stomach (corpus), but not in the distal stomach (antrum) [15]. Loss of negative feedback on gastrin release by reduced gastric acid secretion, regardless of cause, leads to hypergastrinemia [16,17]. Hypergastrinemia can increase the risk of neoplasia of the gastric corpus in animal models [14,18–24] and of proximal gastric adenocarcinoma in humans [25]. Hypergastrinemia has also been associated with decreased survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma [26], but the available evidence is limited and not conclusive.
An unusual cause of cardiac tamponade following pericardial window formation
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2018
Crochan J. O’Sullivan, David J. Kurz
The patient was sent for emergency surgery. Upper median laparotomy revealed an upside down stomach and transverse colon extending into the thoracic cavity through a 6 cm gap in the ventral diaphragm with partial necrosis of the stomach antrum (Figure 1(B)). A partial gastrectomy was performed together with closure of the diaphragm hernia, Roux en-Y reconstruction and a ParietexTM composite mesh (Covidien, New Haven, CT) was fixated to the diaphragm. The patient recovered well from surgery and was discharged to a rehabilitation clinic, then home.