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Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreatic Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
NAFLD is becoming increasingly diagnosed. The term NAFLD includes NAFL (non-alcohol liver) where there is fatty infiltration but no inflammatory activity, hepatocyte damage (such as ballooning) or fibrosis. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with hepatocyte damage and fibrosis, which may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is a move to rename the condition ‘metabolic associated liver disease’.
Metabolic Effects of Exercise on Childhood Obesity
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Kristi B. Adamo, Taniya S. Nagpal, Danilo F. DaSilva
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children with obesity and is estimated to be present in one out of five Canadian children with overweight or obesity (48). The accumulation of fat in the liver can lead to increased inflammation and a more severe liver disease called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The development of NAFLD starts with excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, followed by hepatic oxidative stress (i.e., high levels of reactive oxygen species [ROS]), lipid peroxidation, and finally hepatocyte damage (96). Although a liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and grading of NAFLD, biopsies are not routinely performed in children. Less invasive assessments, including blood tests for liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]), and abdominal ultrasonography to measure intrahepatic fat, are more common. More costly examinations using proton magnetic resonance or magnetic resonance imaging can also be used.
Health Benefits of Green Tea
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Priyankar Dey, Geoffrey Y. Sasaki, Richard S. Bruno
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and significantly increases the risk for more progressive disorders including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of concern is that NASH afflicts >70 million Americans, and its multifacted etiology that is characterized by inflammation, oxidative distress, and dysregulated lipid and glucose metabolism makes it difficult to manage.30,116
Indwelling tunneled pleural catheters in patients with hepatic hydrothorax: A single-center analysis for outcomes and complications
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2023
Fatmah F. Alhabeeb, Katia Carle-Talbot, Natalie Rakocevic, Tinghua Zhang, Michael Mitchell, Kayvan Amjadi, Chanel Kwok
A total of 43 catheters were inserted in 40 patients with hepatic hydrothorax (Table 1). The follow-up period ranged between 26 months and 12 years. Two patients had ipsilateral re-insertions at different times. The mean age (+/- SD) at the time of catheter insertion was 65 +/- 9 years, and 47% of the patients were male. The most common etiology of cirrhosis was nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, 30%), followed by alcoholic (28%) and viral hepatitis (26%). Approximately 90% of the effusions were right-sided. Patient ECOG status was obtained for 42 catheter insertions, with over two-thirds having a score above 3. Fourteen insertions (32%) were preceded by thoracoscopy to rule out an alternative diagnosis at the time of catheter insertion. The indication for insertion was mainly for palliative intent, while catheter insertion served as a bridge to transplantation in 2 patients, and for TIPS in 1. The mean BDI at baseline was 2.6 ± 0.2 and the mean TDI on 2 weeks follow-up was 6.7 ± 0.3, indicating improvement in level of dyspnea in HH patients after IPC insertion.
The miR-122 inhibition alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation in NAFLD cell model
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Yiyi Hu, Guoping Du, Guohua Li, Xuetao Peng, Zhiqiao Zhang, Yingji Zhai
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disorder characterised by steatosis and lipid deposition in hepatocytes (Angulo 2002), and it is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the absence of alcohol consumption or alcohol abuse (Lakshman et al. 2015). Over the past two decades, the incidence of NAFLD has increased dramatically in several Western and Asian countries, also the prevalence of this disease in children is a growing concern (Bhala et al. 2013, Fan et al. 2017). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pathological type of NAFLD characterised by the recruitment of pro-inflammatory immune cells, which lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and eventual death, if unchecked (Cohen et al. 2011). Although a number of common mechanisms contribute to the above various stages of hepatocyte injury, in particular the “two-hit” theory (Jian-Feng et al. 2015), its pathogenesis is still unclear.
MSDC-0602K, a metabolic modulator directed at the core pathology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Jerry R. Colca, William G McDonald, Wade J. Adams
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be present in as many as one-third of the population in many regions of the developed world. The milder form of the disease is associated only with an increase in macro and micro vesicular fat storage (steatosis), but a subset of these individuals progress to more serious liver damage characterized by increased inflammation, cellular damage characterized as ‘ballooning,’ and increased fibrosis. This more dangerous presentation, known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may often progress to cirrhosis and liver failure or hepatocellular cancer. At the current time, the diagnosis of NASH can only be made by liver biopsy [1–3] and there are no treatments that have been approved to treat this costly and common disease. Importantly, in terms of both understanding the pathophysiology and appropriate treatment options, NASH and NAFLD, and particularly adverse liver outcomes, are strongly associated with insulin resistance and diabetes or pre-diabetes [4,5].