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The Liver and the Biliary System
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Liver function tests are very important as they express the status of the rest of the liver and indicate if the patient will be able to tolerate liver resection. In addition, some of the primary liver malignancies give elevated alpha-fetoprotein which can be used as a marker for the follow-up of these patients. Similarly, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may be elevated in some metastatic tumors especially those that arose from the GI tract.
Approach to the Febrile Patient
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
An important and useful technique is diagnostic ultrasonography. It is inexpensive, noninvasive, and may lead to early diagnosis of intra-abdominal or cardiac conditions. Liver function tests may be particularly useful for screening infiltrative and other lesions of the liver, since this organ is frequently involved in systemic diseases.
Medications That May Be Useful in the Management of Patients with Chronic Intractable Pain
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
Perform liver function tests prior to and periodically during therapy; discontinue use if abnormalities are revealed and confirmed by follow-up tests; elevated liver enzymes are not rare and appear reversible upon drug discontinuance.
How do we treat psoriasis patients with hepatitis C infections in real-world situations? A retrospective analysis of 34 patients
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Leena Chularojanamontri, Supot Nimanong, Chanisada Wongpraparut, Narumol Silpa-Archa, Chayada Chaiyabutr, Norramon Charoenpipatsin
The HCV viral load was evaluated using an HCV-RNA-polymerase chain reaction assay at baseline, which was subsequently reevaluated at a follow-up, as suggested by hepatologists. Liver function tests were serologically evaluated every 3–6 months. A sustained virologic response was defined by the ability to sustain an undetectable viral load for 6 months after completion of the HCV therapy. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed by hepatologists. Imaging modalities (such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) were performed to detect morphological changes in the liver. Transient elastography was used to measure liver stiffness and elasticity; a value ≥12 kilopascals indicated advanced liver cirrhosis, which could avoid obtaining an unnecessary liver biopsy (10). A biopsy was carried out in some patients.
Safety evaluation of long-term temperature controlled whole-body thermal treatment in female Aachen minipig
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Marcia Weber Carneiro, Luigi Brancato, Britta Wylleman, Eke van Zwol, Liesbet Conings, Peter Vueghs, Ivana Gorbaslieva, Johan Van den Bossche, Oleg Rudenko, Michel Janicot, John-Paul Bogers
Liver function tests, also known as liver chemistry, help determine the health of the liver by measuring the blood levels of liver enzymes (amongst others). Detection of liver enzymes in the blood is often part of an initial screening for liver disease[44], in addition the surgical transient implantation of liver temperature sensors pushed us to carefully monitor liver functions. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are both normally found inside liver cells. However, when the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT/AST can be released into the bloodstream, causing serum levels to rise. The liver function test demonstrated a delayed and limited increase (up to 3-fold) in both AST and ALT serum levels suggesting transient and mild stress liver response to WBTT (Figure 6).
Factors influencing physician decisions to discontinue treatment after onset of liver dysfunction: Post-hoc analysis of an all-case post-marketing surveillance study of iguratimod
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Naoki Ishiguro, Kai Shibata, Akiko Yoshimura, Satoshi Ikeuchi, Mika Ishii
To investigate whether elevated laboratory values due to liver dysfunction ADRs were transient or protracted, transient liver dysfunction was defined as a transient elevation in laboratory values. AST and ALT were selected from the study data, as these are generally used in liver function tests. Common reference ranges as defined by the Japanese Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards were selected as the reference laboratory values for Japanese individuals (AST: <30 IU/L, ALT: male <42 IU/L, female <23 IU/L) [8]. The normal range in this study was set at ≤2 × reference value, since the Japan College of Rheumatology MTX Clinical Guideline [2] defines AST and ALT values 2 × reference value as the condition of liver disorder requiring cautious administration. In clinical studies, treatment discontinuation for elevated AST and ALT was not necessary if these values normalized within around 4 weeks [9]. The package insert also recommends performing liver function tests at least once a month, and many patients with elevated laboratory test values show a return to the normal range within 4 weeks. In view of the above considerations, transient liver dysfunction was defined as both AST and ALT returning to the normal range (AST: <60 IU/L, ALT: male <84 IU/L female <46 IU/L) within 4 weeks after a liver dysfunction ADR.