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Abdominal surgery
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Hiatus hernia is a condition where part of the stomach extrudes into the chest. As a person’s weight increases there is even less room for the stomach within the abdominal cavity and the stomach gets squeezed into the chest. As it does so, the entrance of the oesophagus into the stomach becomes distorted and acid contents from the stomach can reflux into the oesophagus, giving rise to indigestion-type symptoms—particularly severe restrostemal chest pain.
The upper gastrointestinal tract, common conditions, and recommended treatments
Published in Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
Hiatus hernia refers to the situation in which the top of the stomach slides up through the diaphragm into the chest (Figure 2.1). This is believed to be due to laxity of the structures that hold the stomach in place in the abdomen. Hiatus hernia may be asymptomatic but is often associated with GORD (see later) and, if very large may be associated with mechanical symptoms such as vomiting or difficulty breathing. Unless symptomatic, the presence of a hiatus hernia does not necessitate treatment, which requires surgery, rather the associated condition (usually reflux) is managed and, if that requires surgery, the hiatus hernia is repaired as part of the operation. For more information about hiatus hernia see [6].
The male reproductive system and hernias
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
Hiatus hernia, which allows the gastro-oesophageal junction to herniate into the chest, is of concern chiefly because of the reflux oesophagitis that may complicate it. These conditions are not discussed further.
Clinical characteristics of reflux esophagitis among patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Zijin Liu, Lin Wei, Huiguo Ding
Erosive esophagitis was diagnosed based on the Los Angeles (LA) classification [19]. Additionally, the presence of Barrett’s epithelium was defined as the macroscopic identification of abnormal columnar esophageal epithelium more than 1 cm in thickness, which is suggestive of a columnar-lined distal esophagus. Hiatus hernia was defined if the proximal dislocation of the gastroesophageal junction was >2 cm above the diaphragmatic indentation. Esophageal varices were graded as mild, medium or severe. Mild EVs were defined as varicose veins that were straight or mildly tortuous without a red color (RC) sign. Medium EVs were defined as varicose veins that were serpentine without an RC sign or varicose veins that were mildly tortuous with an RC sign. Severe EVs were defined as varicose veins that were serpentine with an RC sign or varicose veins that were toruliform. Portal hypertension gastropathy (PHG) was defined as snakeskin-like mucosa, flat or bulging red marks or red spots resembling vascular ectasias found in the stomach. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was evaluated by mucous biopsy or 13C-urea-breath tests.
Oesophageal motor disorders and oesophageal endoscopic involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: a systematic association?
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Véronique Vitton, Camille Bazin, Laure Luciano, Brigitte Granel, Marine Alessandrini, Jean-Robert Harle
UGIE was systematically carried out under general anaesthetic, in one of the endoscopic centres of the Marseilles Public Hospitals. PPI were systematically stopped at least 15 days before performing the UGIE. The presence of hiatus hernia as well as any other macroscopic or histological anomaly was noted. Oesophagitis was scored according to the Los Angeles classification [21]: Grade A, presence of one or several mucosal breaks limited to the mucosal fold(s) and no larger than 5 mm in extent, Grade B, presence of at least one mucosal break exceeding 5 mm in extent but limited to the mucosal fold(s), with no extension over the folds, Grade C, presence of at least one mucosal break, extending over the mucosal folds, but over less than 75% of the circumference and Grade D, confluent mucosal breaks extending over more than 75% of the circumference.
Oesophageal screening during videofluoroscopy: International practices and perspectives of speech-language pathologists
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
Julie Regan, Teresa Wiesinger, Julie Keane, Margaret Walshe
During swallowing, a bolus passes from the oral cavity into the stomach. A breakdown anywhere along this continuum can cause dysphagia and this alteration can impact on other stages of swallowing (Jones, Donner, Rubesin, Ravich, & Hendrix, 1987; Jones, Ravich, Donner, Kramer, & Hendrix, 1985). The interrelationship between the oropharyngeal and oesophageal phases of swallowing has become more apparent with the emergence of high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) (Butler, Nekl, Rees, Leng, & Lever, 2010; O’Rourke et al., 2014) and this strong association explains why oropharyngeal and oesophageal phase dysphagia frequently co-exist. Oesophageal conditions such as achalasia and eosinophilic oesophagitis can cause pharyngeal dysphagia (Jones et al., 1987; Murray, Joyce, Palmer, Lau, & Schultz, 2016). Clear associations have also been made between hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and cricopharyngeal dysfunction (Dantas & Cassiani, 2019; Native-Zeltzer, Rameau, Kuhn, Kauf, & Belafsky, 2018). Individuals with oesophageal and oesopho-gastric carcinoma frequently present with symptoms of pharyngeal dysphagia (Dai et al., 2014).