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Metabolic Laboratory Data
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
For all of these reasons, it is a good idea to provide some enteral nutrition if at all possible. We will discuss the topic of trophic feeding in Chapter 14. But for the purpose of this chapter, we can see the value of closely monitoring liver function studies as a warning sign of potentially hepatotoxic conditions.
Hepatitis C
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Rebecca Pierce-Williams, Neil Silverman, Raja Dhanekula, Jonathan M. Fenkel, Danielle Tholey
There is no HCV vaccine available. Risk factors for HCV (Table 33.1) should be avoided and risk reduction counseling should be performed for HCV infected patients. Prevention of complications of liver disease includes avoidance of alcohol and hepatotoxic medicines (i.e. acetaminophen and certain herbal remedies) [5]. Obesity has also been associated with increased progression of liver fibrosis in those with HCV [48]; therefore, counseling should include an emphasis on maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Carbamazepine
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Gastrointestinal disturbances occur in approximately 14% of patients taking CBZ and include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, increased appetite, and constipation (56). Hepatotoxic reactions mostly with granulomatous hepatitis and associated cholangitis (58) were reported with a few fatal outcomes after chronic therapy. In contrast, reversible idiosyncratic hypersensitivity with hepatotoxic reactions usually occur within the first 30 days and are associated with fever, tenderness of the liver, and with hepatic enlargement in some patients. This hepatotoxic reaction improves with discontinuation of CBZ (59). The elderly are more susceptible (60). Pancreatitis may also occur (61).
Increased Risk of Hypertension in Alcohol Use Disorder of alcohol-related Liver disease-A Hospital Based Case Control Study
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
Prabhudas Nelaturi, Sangeetha P Kademani, Vithiavathi Siva Subramanian, Sambandam Ravikumar
Inclusion criteria comprise participants of age group >18 years with completed questionnaires. The chronic alcohol-related liver disease patients with variations in blood pressure were enrolled in the study. Patients suffering from clinical symptoms such as ascites, encephalopathy, jaundice, splenomegaly, kidney-related diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, and altered liver profile levels were included in the study. The patients with positive serological markers for hepatitis B or C virus and alcohol intake were included in the study. Exclusion criteria comprise the history of (i) cancer, (ii) diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver-related hospitalization, (iii) diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or CVD-related hospitalization and (iv) medical treatment with hepatotoxic drugs.
CDK4/6 blockade provides an alternative approach for treatment of mismatch-repair deficient tumors
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Inken Salewski, Julia Henne, Leonie Engster, Paula Krone, Bjoern Schneider, Caterina Redwanz, Heiko Lemcke, Larissa Henze, Christian Junghanss, Claudia Maletzki
To check whether potential hepatotoxic effects of the applied regimens may account for treatment failure in the combination group, routine histology was done. This analysis revealed massive focal lymphocytic and granulocytic infiltration in livers from mice treated with abemaciclib or α-PD-L1 monotherapy (supplementary Figure S1, 63x magnification of single lymphocytes and granulocytes in the left corner, infiltrates are marked with a black arrow). While this was a likely result of the systemic immune stimulation, such strong lymphocytic infiltration was only partially preserved in the combination treatment, with single necrotic areas arising (black arrow). We conclude antagonistic instead of synergistic effects of combined CDK4/6 – immune-checkpoint blockade in these two preclinical dMMR tumor models.
COR388 (atuzaginstat): an investigational gingipain inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Marwan N. Sabbagh, Boris Decourt
The gingipain inhibitor atuzaginstat is a novel protease inhibitor that blocks a neurotoxic virulence factor known to trigger AD pathogenesis. Because the link between periodontal disease and AD is mechanistic and not incidental, it seems logical to develop drugs that target the virulence factors of P. gingivalis infection, such as gingipains. Atuzaginstat is appealing because it is orally bioavailable and blood–brain barrier penetrant. Clinical trials of atuzaginstat have been completed, with no evidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. However, a hepatotoxic signal has emerged that requires monitoring and could potentially influence further development of this potential treatment. Since the patients most likely to benefit from the results of the clinical trials underway are those with mild-to-moderate AD, more studies are being planned. These patients would have almost no overlap with patients eligible for antiamyloid monoclonal antibodies. Atuzaginstat can address the ongoing need for treatment for most patients for whom antiamyloids are not suitable.