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Constipation and Soiling
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Encopresis is the active passage of stools in inappropriate places after the age when bowel control is normally expected. In older children, encopresis can be associated with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder or sexual abuse. Constipation, soiling and encopresis must be assessed and treated in primary care and/or secondary paediatric services for constipation and soiling before referral to child mental health services (CAMHS).
Drugs, accidents and poisoning
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
15.2. Tricyclic antidepressants are useful in the treatment ofenuresis.encopresis.endogenous depression.nightmares.emotional deprivation.
Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
The most common type of fecal incontinence in childhood occurs in association with chronic constipation. It is present in approximately 1.5% of second-graders, with a strong male predominance Most children exhibit “overflow incontinence” caused by the movement of liquid stool around fecal impactions and through a distended internal anal sphincter. Although early studies considered encopresis a psychogenic disorder, more recent theories have implicated both psychological and physiological factors. The importance of each to the pathogenesis and maintenance of encopresis remains controversial. Conventional medical treatment is based on the assumption that a physiological predisposition to constipation places many of these children at risk for developing encopresis. Yet psychosocial factors may determine which “at-risk” children develop symptoms and also may affect therapeutic responses (19).
Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic modality in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Nishath Farhad, Krista Birkemeier, Lea H. Mallett
A previously healthy 2-year-old boy presented to his primary care physician with a 6-month history of bilateral foot pain progressing to a limp, followed by complete refusal to bear weight with regression to crawling only. He had an abnormal gait and mild tenderness with range of motion testing of the hips but showed no joint swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy. There was no history of prior traumas, fevers, changes in appetite, fatigue, weight loss, petechiae/bruising, changes in bladder/bowel habits, joint swelling, or recent illnesses. Plain radiographs of the hips and knees were normal. A bilateral hip ultrasound ordered by pediatric orthopedics was negative for any joint effusions, and the presumptive diagnosis was toxic synovitis. However, the patient’s symptoms persisted, and he started experiencing daytime and nighttime enuresis with encopresis. A rheumatologic laboratory workup came back normal (Table 1). Subsequently, a podiatrist was concerned for possible structural deformities or pathologies and ordered an MRI of the bilateral feet without contrast.
The Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Association with Motor, Cognitive, and Autonomic Function
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Moriah Baram, Luba Zuk, Tohar Stattler, Michal Katz-Leurer
According to previous studies, bowel problems are high where 39.2–54% of children with CP suffer from encopresis and 26–74% from constipation.6,8,11,20 In this study, the incidence of encopresis was 48.7%, and the incidence of constipation was 33.3%. This study found that all the children with diagnosed constipation were treated with different methods (medication, supplements, diet, and more). The study participants may represent a treated population; therefore, the incidence of constipation is closer to the lower values as present in the literature on this topic.7–9,24,25
A consecutive case series analysis of a behavioral intervention for enuresis in children with developmental disabilities
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2018
Joanna Lomas Mevers, Colin Muething, Nathan A. Call, Mindy Scheithauer, Shannon Hewett
Finally, although this study contributes to the research on the efficacy of toileting interventions for individuals with DD, there are still gaps in that literature. For example, some of these participants continued to suffer from encopresis even once enuresis was successfully treated. Thus, additional research on establishing continent bowel movements is needed.