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Metabolic Laboratory Data
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Liver function studies (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total and direct bilirubin, total protein and albumin) are obtained as a baseline for liver enzymes and circulating protein levels. The prealbumin (PAB) fills out this protein picture further. Triglycerides (TGs) are ordered to permit the use of lipid emulsions and as a baseline to monitor during infusion.
Influenza neurologic complications
Published in Avindra Nath, Joseph R. Berger, Clinical Neurovirology, 2020
Larry E. Davis, Jennifer R. Plourde
There is no single diagnostic laboratory test for RS. Arterial blood ammonia concentrations are usually at least threefold elevated [57,58]. Serum transaminases (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) are typically elevated 20-fold above normal. Prothrombin times are often prolonged but hemorrhages are rare [59]. The CSF may have a normal opening pressure early in the illness but soon becomes highly elevated [60]. The CSF is acellular and has normal glucose and protein levels. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is always abnormal, showing slowing of background activity, seizures, burst suppression activity, and electrocerebral silence in stage V [61]. Neuroimaging is often normal in the early stages but in later stages demonstrates diffuse cerebral edema and possibly brain herniation [62].
Selected Functional Foods That Combat the Effects of Hyperglycemia and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Methanol extracts from E. cava edible marine brown algae species, found in the ocean off Japan and Korea, containing high levels of polyphenol and strong ROS scavenging ability, significantly reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin concentration when fed to Type 1 diabetic rats. Blood alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were dramatically reduced to near-normal levels. Increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum are often associated with health problems such as diabetes and liver damage. The antidiabetic effect appears to be at least partly mediated by the activation of both the AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the Pl-3 kinase/Akt signal pathways (Kang, Ko, Shin et al. 2011).
Unusual disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection presenting with fever and diarrhea in an AIDS patient: a case report and literature review
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2023
Yuting Tan, Zhihan Zhang, Mengmeng Wu, Shi Zou, Wei Guo, Ke Liang
Routine blood test showed decreased white blood cells (3.77 G/L) and mild anemia (hemoglobin 115 g/L). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated (50 mm/h). Liver function test showed elevated alanine transaminase (63 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (186 U/L). The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test was negative. The result of 1, 3-β-D-Glucan assay was elevated (141.11 pg/ml, normal range <20 pg/mL) and galactomannan (GM) assay was negative. The colonoscopy performed in our hospital revealed ulcerative lesions in the colon and terminal ileum (Figure 1A). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed inflammatory cells infiltrated diffusely in the full layer of the colon mucosa. Foamy macrophages were distributed throughout the mucosa, and small dots were observed in the cytoplasm of foamy cells (Figure 1 B and C). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed that the small dots distributed inside and outside of the macrophages were yeast microorganisms (Figure 1D). Due to prolonged fever, bone marrow culture was performed at the same time to further search for infection. The culture of bone marrow sample also revealed T. marneffei positive.
Ingestion of Sudan IV-adulterated palm oil impairs hepato-renal functions and induces the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A sub-acute murine model
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Ofem E. Eteng, Ceaser A. Moses, Emmanuel I. Ugwor, Joe E. Enobong, Adio J. Akamo, Yewande Adebekun, Arikpo Iwara, Eyong Ubana
The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in the serum, as well as in the liver and kidney homogenates, using commercially available kits and following the manufacturers’ instructions. The kits for ALT, AST, and ALP were products of Randox Laboratories Limited (Crumlin, United Kingdom), while the LDH kit was a product of Biosystems Diagnostics [Costa Brava, Barcelona, Spain). The total protein concentration was determined using the Coomassie blue method of [18] with serum albumin as standard. Serum levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN], and creatinine were also determined using commercially available kits produced by Randox Laboratories Limited, as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian women
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Sujata Siwatch, Virendra Singh, Lakhbir K. Dhaliwal, Sunita Kumari, Kartar Singh
Normal values of alanine transaminase (ALT) are <40 IU/L, of aspartate transaminase (AST) <30 IU/L and ALP <120 IU/L. Diabetes mellitus was defined according to the WHO criteria, i.e. fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dl or random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl or a two hour glucose tolerance test plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl (WHO 1999). Lipids were considered as abnormal if serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was less than 50 mg/dl or serum triglycerides (TGs) were more than 150 mg/dl (NCEP Executive Summary 2001). Metabolic syndrome was defined by the presence of ≥3 out of 5 modified adult treatment panel III criteria. These included modified abnormal waist as per the Asia Pacific criteria, FPG >100 mg/dl or established diabetes, hypertension (i.e. blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or on antihypertensive drugs), HDL <50 mg/dl and serum TGs >150 mg/dl (NCEP Executive Summary 2001). According to criteria used for Asian women, women with a BMI of >25 kg/m2 were considered obese and those <25 were considered lean (WHO 2000).