China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Maham Saeed, Javed Hussain Shah, Sajjad Hussain, Ahmad Adnan, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz
Ultimately, where these analysis trials having a heavy capability to pursue the SARS-CoV-2 virus, various techniques have been developing. Infection status, Immune protection status and seroprevalence for the personnel’s healthcare can be diagnosed via a combination of serological detection and molecular genetic tests but with a limitation.
Severe Tick-Borne Infections and Their Mimics in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Praveen Sudhindra, Gary P. Wormser
Serologic testing is usually necessary to establish a diagnosis of Lyme carditis and has >80% sensitivity in this setting. Two-step testing with an enzyme immunoassay, followed by western blot testing for IgM and IgG antibodies, is recommended. If serology is negative, and clinical suspicion remains, then testing can be repeated in 2–4 weeks [11,12]. Clinicians should employ serological testing only if other clinical and epidemiologic features are suggestive of Lyme carditis. The relatively high background seroprevalence in endemic regions may lead to misattribution of conduction abnormalities to Lyme disease in some cases.
Arthropod-borne virus encephalitis
Published in Avindra Nath, Joseph R. Berger, Clinical Neurovirology, 2020
TBE is an endemic disease with a distribution of cases reflecting the density of tick infestation. Hundreds of cases are observed annually in European countries and 5000–10,000 cases per year are reported from Russia [124]. There are slightly different periods of transmissibility to humans of the two TBE viral subtypes (Table 16.9). In general, this is spring and summer, but the Central European cases extend into the fall. Outdoor work and recreational activities in endemic areas by forestry workers and picnickers respectively are associated with transmission. The disease is more common in adults than in children [125]. Seroprevalence in endemic areas can range up to 30% [43]. Implementation of vaccine programs have resulted in a remarkable reduction of cases. In Austria, for example, vaccination has been associated with a reduction of the numbers of cases from several hundred per year to under 100 cases annually [123]. Ingestion of raw (unpasteurized) goat’s milk has also been a means of human infection, with health education reducing this risk [43].
SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence among all healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Spain
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Mireia Cantero, Rosario Millán-Pérez, Elena Muñez, Natalia Gómez-Lozano, Jorge Anel-Pedroche, Lina M. Parra, Maria L. Rodríguez, Angel Asensio
HCWs have been a critical and vulnerable population during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, research to assess their risk of infection is very limited. Some studies report SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in symptomatic HCW using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tested on respiratory samples as part of the occupational health screening protocol [7,8]. But, given the description of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic infections, testing only symptomatic individuals underestimates the true number of infections [9]. Therefore, seroprevalence studies are urgently needed to identify both active and past infections, and to help establish appropriate infection prevention and control measures in hospital settings [3]. The aim of this study was to determine the overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among all the HCW of a tertiary university hospital detecting IgM and IgG specific antibodies with the Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) and Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) methods. Furthermore, this study evaluates occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion.
Low prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies in Norwegian blood donors
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2021
Åshild Marvik, Yngvar Tveten, Anne-Berit Pedersen, Karin Stiasny, Åshild Kristine Andreassen, Nils Grude
Results of seroprevalence studies are highly dependent on the test population and assay technology applied. In Europe, the TBEV IgG seroprevalence rates in the general population are estimated to range between 0 and up to 5%, while seroprevalence rates conducted on high-risk populations in endemic countries, such as forest workers or residents of high-endemic areas, is substantially higher [41,42]. In Norway, Thortveit et al. and Skarpaas et al. found seroprevalence rates of 1.4% and 2.4% among adults residing in Agder county [28,34]. In both studies, the TBEV IgG results were based on the ELISA methodology and might therefore be overestimated. Neutralization assays are the most type-specific serological tests and are recommended for confirmation of TBEV IgG ELISA results, especially in surveys conducted in non-endemic TBE areas [38,43]. Also in this study, a higher proportion of the blood donors would be positive according to the ELISA results without the use of a confirmatory NT.
Global mobility, travel and migration health: clinical and public health implications for children and families
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2021
Elizabeth E. Dawson-Hahn, Vaidehi Pidaparti, William Hahn, William Stauffer
A systematic review and meta-analysis of refugee children identified on arrival at their destinations were published in 2019 and included 223,037 children in nine reception countries [53]. The estimates of overall prevalences of infectious diseases were: hepatitis B seroprevalence 2.6% (variation noted across WHO regions, 2–7%), latent tuberculosis infection (by positive interferon-γ release assay or Mantoux tuberculin skin test) 30.6%, Schistosomiasis 9.5%, Strongyloides 10.4%, intestinal infections 31% and malaria 2.6% [53]. Awareness of these conditions is critical in primary care providers of children in immigrant families. Importantly, this study highlights the need for repeated regular profiles of new immigrant communities [54] in order to understand how to provide the most evidence-based clinical care and to inform public health guidance.