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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Evaluate for signs/symptoms of thyroid diseaseHypothyroidism: Dry skin, goiter, delayed deep tender reflex, constipation, hair lossHyperthyroidism: Tachycardia, tremors, exophthalmos, diarrhea, vomiting
Thyroid disease
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The aims of thyroid disease management include: Exclusion or treatment of sinister diseaseExclusion or treatment of activity disorders to avoid systemic illnessSymptomatic amelioration including cosmesis
The endocrine system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Hypothyroidism in the adult is referred to as myxoedema. The symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism are related to a decrease in metabolic activity due to a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion. The commonest cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with hypothyroidism complain of weight gain, tiredness, and dislike of the cold, constipation, menorrhagia, a hoarse voice and difficulties in thinking. They may show thick dry skin and dry hair, with a slow pulse, non-pitting oedema, ataxia, slow reflexes, peripheral neuropathy and a ‘toad like face’. They may develop psychosis and in severe untreated cases, hypothermia and coma can develop. Raised blood cholesterol levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. A goitre may be present. The causes are shown in Box 18.4.
Sex-specific characteristics for the coexistence of asthma and COPD in the Canadian population: a cross-sectional analysis of CLSA data
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Edwina Veerasingam, Zhiwei Gao, Jeremy Beach, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan
In this study, the proportion of comorbidities in the asthma + COPD group was similar to that observed in the COPD-only group and was greater than those observed in control and asthma-only groups among both females and males. The proportion of osteoporosis was significantly greater in the asthma + COPD, COPD-only and asthma-only groups than in the control group. These finding were also reported in other studies (6,10). This association may be related to the potential confounding effect of vitamin D which has been shown to be associated with osteoporosis, asthma and COPD (35,36). In addition, systemic inflammation and glucocorticoid use have been reported to be risk factors of osteoporosis in subject with COPD (37) and long-term use of systemic glucocorticoids has been shown to be associated with osteoporosis in subjects with severe asthma (38). In this study, females had a significantly greater proportion of underactive thyroid disease than males in all the outcome groups. In a Turkish study, underactive thyroid disease was more frequent than overactive thyroid disease among subjects with COPD (39). In a large population-based study of adults aged 40 years and above from Spain, the proportion of thyroid disease and osteoporosis was greater in females than men among subjects with COPD (40). In a review article, osteoporosis has been reported to be more prevalent in females than males among subjects with COPD (41).
Effects of thyroid hormones in women with gestational diabetes
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Sibel Demiral Sezer, Omercan Topaloglu
The rate of AntiTPOAb in pregnant women increases up to 20% according to geographical differences. Meta-analysis, which included 44 studies, showed that AntiTPOAb were related with the risk of GDM [27]. Iodine deficiency, which is one of the most common causes of hypothyroidism, also contributes to autoimmune thyroid diseases [11]. Women with thyroid autoimmunity frequently progress to hypothyroidism during pregnancy, despite a euthyroid status before pregnancy. Progressive hypothyroidism therefore often develops or worsens as gestation progresses [28]. Our country is in mild to moderate iodine deficiency region. Therefore, AntiTPOAb was high in our study. This study shows that; positivity of AntiTPOAb was higher in GDM group. In our country, there is no policy for universal screening of thyroid dysfunctions during pregnancy [29]. We think that, Anti-TPO may screened in the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent GDM.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: improving the detection and management of immune-related adverse events
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Lara Kujtan, Rama Krishna Kancha, Beth Gustafson, Lindsey Douglass, Christopher RH Ward, Blake Buzard, Janakiraman Subramanian
Either autoimmune thyroid disease may manifest as primary hypothyroidism secondary to destructive thyroiditis or hyperthyroidism associated with Graves’ disease [47]. Routine thyroid function monitoring every 4–6 weeks is recommended since patients are often asymptomatic [38]. Hypothyroidism is the more common toxicity, albeit generally mild, and not necessitating ICI cessation. For patients with TSH >10mIU/L, levothyroxine replacement at 1.6 mcg/kg IBW is recommended, with continuation of ICI. Hyperthyroidism occurs less frequently and may rarely lead to Graves’ disease [41]. Hyperthyroidism may be transient and evolve into hypothyroidism due to thyrotoxicosis. For symptomatic thyrotoxicosis, endocrinology should be consulted for potential beta-blocker use [37,39]. ICIs are generally continued during thyrotoxicosis treatment.