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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Evaluate for signs/symptoms of thyroid diseaseHypothyroidism: Dry skin, goiter, delayed deep tender reflex, constipation, hair lossHyperthyroidism: Tachycardia, tremors, exophthalmos, diarrhea, vomiting
General anaesthesia
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Patients with thyroid disease, e.g. those with thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid) and an enlarged thyroid gland, may, if the gland is retrosternal, develop respiratory obstruction, so extra care is necessary. They may also show a tachycardia (fast heart rate) with atrial fibrillation (an abnormality in the rhythm of the heart). Those with a hypothyroid (underactive thyroid) function may exhibit a bradycardia (slow heart rate) and congestive cardiac (heart) failure. There are many other signs and symptoms associated with thyroid disease but the above are given as examples to reinforce the need to examine each patient fully.
Paediatric neck lumps
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Risk factors for thyroid malignancy include: Prior history of thyroid disease (e.g. Hashimoto's disease)Exposure to radiationGenetic disease (e.g. multiple endocrine neoplasia type II)
Free thyroxine measurement in clinical practice: how to optimize indications, analytical procedures, and interpretation criteria while waiting for global standardization
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Federica D’Aurizio, Jürgen Kratzsch, Damien Gruson, Petra Petranović Ovčariček, Luca Giovanella
Symptoms of thyroid disease may be nonspecific, making laboratory diagnosis crucial. The assessment of thyroid dysfunction relies on the measurement of circulating concentrations of TSH, FT4, and, in some cases, free T3 (FT3). As mentioned above, TSH and FT4 have a complex, nonlinear relationship, such that small changes in FT4 result in relatively large changes in TSH [22]. Accordingly, the measurement of TSH is a sensitive screening test for thyroid dysfunction, and guidelines from the American Thyroid Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) have all endorsed its measurement as the best first-line strategy for detecting thyroid dysfunction in most clinical settings [23–26]. However, despite the high negative predictive value of a normal serum TSH concentration in ruling out primary hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, TSH alone is not appropriate for certain patient groups. In these instances, it is pertinent to test free thyroid hormones, primarily FT4, in addition to TSH [27,28].
Comparing the effects of Portulaca oleracea seed hydro-alcoholic extract, valsartan, and vitamin E on hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress parameters and cardiac hypertrophy in thyrotoxic rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Roghayeh Pakdel, Mehran Vatanchian, Saeed Niazmand, Farimah Beheshti, Maryam Rahimi, Azita Aghaee, Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
There is a close relationship between thyroid hormones and cardiac function. Most of the signs and symptoms of thyroid diseases are because of effects of thyroid hormone action on the cardiovascular system (Razvi et al.2018). Several studies have shown that increased thyroid hormone levels are associated with an increase in cardiac output, cardiac hypertrophy, and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, widened pulse pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and even heart failure (Vargas-Uricoechea et al.2014). Thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), impinge upon the cardiovascular system directly at the cellular level and indirectly through the hormonal and/or nervous system (Danzi and Klein 2014).
Thyroid hormone levels and structural parameters of thyroid homeostasis are correlated with motor subtype and disease severity in euthyroid patients with Parkinson’s disease
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Yinyin Tan, Lei Gao, Qingqing Yin, Zhanfang Sun, Xiao Man, Yifeng Du, Yan Chen
Thyroid disease refers to the endocrine dysfunction, which is most frequently associated with PD [6]. In PD patients, the hypothyroid symptoms may be ambiguous, because the parkinsonism and hypothyroidism share some common clinical features, such as bradykinesia and hypomimia [6]. Considering this coexistence, the uncommon phenomenon should be expected: the estimated prevalences of both the disorders tend to increase with advancing ages. Prevalence of hypothyroidism among adults varies between 2.3% and 18%, while the prevalence of PD ranges from 0.1% to 1.4% [7,8]. In contrast, hyperthyroidism would worsen the parkinsonian tremor and cloud the levodopa responses in newly diagnosed PD patients [9]. Occurrence of hyperthyroidism in elderly PD patients may be overlooked due to subtle symptoms and signs [10]. Overall thyroid function has also been determined in patients with PD, though not any conclusive answer has been driven in regard to what role, if any, the thyroid function plays in the pathogenesis of PD. Several studies have shown that there is no significant relationship between the thyroid function and PD pathogenesis [11–13], while others have demonstrated association between them[14,15]. Compared with normal subjects, subclinical hyperthyroidism is more prevalent in the PD patients, and the free thyroxine (fT4) levels are elevated in the de novo, medication-free PD patients [14,16].