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Keratin
Published in Masahiko Mori, Histochemistry of the Salivary Glands, 2019
Ductal segments in all salivary glands showed positive staining using polyclonal antikeratin antiserum (TK). Epithelial cells in intercalated (ICD), striated (SD), and excretory ducts (ECD) were strongly positive for the TK reaction (Figure 2 a,b,c). Basal cells in striated and excretory ducts stained strong for TK keratin (Figure 2 d,e,f). Ductal basal cells in excretory ductal epithelium appeared triangular, flat, or cuboidal in shape (Figure 2 e, f), and showed strong staining for TK keratin. Epithelial cells of excretory duct were stratified columnar (Figure 2 e) and cuboidal or flat (basal side) (Figure 2 f). TK staining in excretory duct epithelia was greater on the luminal side than on the basal side, whereas staining in ductal basal cells was the strongest (Figure 2 e, f). Pinkstaff19 has reviewed the detailed morphology of ductal epithelium of salivary glands. Excretory duct epithelium is composed of flattened to stratified cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified epithelial cells, and their cell types are either light or dark. He noted that striated duct epithelium was composed histologically of three types of cells: (1) light and dark basal cells (2 cell types); (2) light, dark, and dark basal cells (3 cell types); (3) light, dark, and two types of basal cells (4 cell types). These different cell types in striated ducts are present in salivary glands of humans as well as in different aminals.
Physiology of the Salivary Glands
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The striated duct is lined by simple cuboidal cells that exhibit extensive folding of basal and basolateral plasma membrane. The folds are associated with numerous mitochondria. These cells absorb sodium from the lumen and secrete potassium into the lumen, thereby producing increasingly hypotonic fluid. The faster the salivary flow rate and/or the longer the striated duct, the more alteration of saliva composition will result. Not surprisingly, therefore, striated ducts are short or even non-existent in mucous secreting salivary glands, resulting in minimal or no modification of saliva composition. In contrast, these ducts are well developed in serous glands, resulting in heavily modified salivary composition.2
Oral cavity
Published in Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall, Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
Once inside the duct, the saliva is subject to modification by reabsorption and secretion. The duct of the salivary glands is divided into three anatomical areas: the intercalated duct, the striated duct and the excretory duct. The intercalated duct secretes bicarbonate into the lumen of the duct and absorbs chloride ions (Cl−).The striated duct absorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium ions (K+) into the saliva.The excretory duct makes no modifications.
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
MSGs ranging from 1 to 5 mm in size, are predominantly present in the labial and buccal mucosa as well as the tongue base and posterior hard palate.80 In the lips, MSGs form a tightly packed continuous layer of single lobules between the quadratus labii and the labial mucosa.71 Labial MSGs are more numerous and surgically accessible than at other sites.72 MSGs develop from the upper respiratory ectoderm during the 12th gestational week as simple tubuloacinar units and are classified as exocrine glands. Compared to major salivary glands, the duct system of MSGs is less developed. The intercalated duct arising from the gland acinus tends to be longer, while the next segment of the duct system leading to the interlobular excretory duct, known as the striated duct is often absent. The short excretory duct transports saliva to the oral mucosa. MSGs secretions are mainly mucinous or seromucinous.80,81 MSGs have minimal or no sympathetic innervation and postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the MSGs derived mainly from the lingual nerve, is primarily responsible for stimulating secretion.80
Salivary myoepithelial cells: an addendum
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2018
Asterios Triantafyllou, Lauge Hjorth Mikkelsen, Douglas R. Gnepp, Simon Andreasen, Jennifer L. Hunt, Kenneth O. Devaney, Vincent Vander Poorten, Alessandra Rinaldo, Stefan M. Willems, Alfio Ferlito
Microliths de novo arising in salivary acinar cells, intercellular spaces or lumina during secretory inactivity64 are important features in etiopathogenetic models of conventional chronic sialadenitis and sialolithiasis.68,69 Microliths forming in autophagosomes of myoepithelial cells are reconcilable with these models. It is more difficult to perceive a similar role for the microliths in the basement membrane, although they may lead to linear calcification around salivary parenchyma. In a recent study of archival, routinely preserved and processed human submandibular glands with sialolithiasis and chronic sialadenitis, Figure 4(c) shows such a linear pattern.70 However, this study only used special staining and the linear staining was around a striated duct, rather than around acini.70 Salivary myoepithelial cells in man lack alkaline phosphatase activity.55 In addition, a previous study of chronic submandibular sialadenitis employing unfixed tissues and a histochemical technique for calcium71 as well as conventional histopathological investigations (see 68 for a review), did not report such a feature.
Small-molecule inhibitors and the salivary gland epithelium in Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Sarah Pringle, Xiaoyan Wang, Hendrika Bootsma, Fred K. L. Spijkervet, Arjan Vissink, Frans G. M. Kroese
A third category of SMIs not generally associated with the immune system but of potential importance to the SG epithelium are the small Rho GTPases. Inhibition of downstream targets of Rho GTPases tends to promote proliferation in epithelial cells [91]. The striated duct epithelial cells in pSS, in addition to becoming apoptotic, are widely proliferative. These proliferative events have been linked, in combination with concurrent B-cell proliferation and differentiation, to the development of MALT lymphomas in pSS patients, and replication-induced senescence of the progenitor cell compartment [20]. Here we consider SMIs inhibiting these three pathways, in relation to their potential application in pSS.