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Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Small fiber predominant peripheral neuropathy occurs when small fibers in the peripheral nervous system are damaged. In the skin, these fibers normally relay pain and temperature. In body organs, they regulate heart rate, breathing, and other automatic functions. Small fiber peripheral neuropathy can signify diabetes mellitus, or may have no underlying cause. It may be one of the earliest signs of prediabetes. Small fiber neuropathy causes pain, burning, and tingling that usually begin in the feet and progress upwards, potentially becoming severe.
Ask the Patient’s Beliefs Regarding Medications
Published in Scott A. Simpson, Anna K. McDowell, The Clinical Interview, 2019
Scott A. Simpson, Anna K. McDowell
Patients have many different beliefs about medications. Some interpret medications as a panacea or even permission to continue current problematic behaviors. For example, a patient who starts medication to lower their cholesterol may feel they do not need to modify their diet. Another patient with mild hypothyroidism might believe that a prescription will give them more energy, resolve their depression, and jumpstart efforts at weight loss. On the other hand, there are patients who go to great lengths to avoid medications. Sometimes this avoidance is motivating. Consider the patient with pre-diabetes who successfully loses weight through dietary changes in order to avoid diabetic medication. But often this avoidance is detrimental and increases the risk for later complications. Understanding patient beliefs about medications is helpful in improving adherence and engagement in treatment planning.
Lifestyle Medicine and the Management of Prediabetes
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Karla I. Galaviz, Lisa Staimez, Lawrence S. Phillips, Mary Beth Weber
Prediabetes is a physiological state created by molecular/genetic risk, insulin resistance, ß-cell defects, and abnormal glycemic status (fasting and/or postprandial) that is associated with not only an increased risk for type 2 diabetes but also diabetes-related complications.
The association between rest–activity parameters and hemoglobin A1c in patients with prediabetes
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Jirayupa Paewponsong, Ben S. Gerber, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Naricha Chirakalwasan, Sunee Saetung, Sirimon Reutrakul
Prediabetes is a condition where glucose levels are elevated but do not meet the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis (ElSayed et al. 2023). Patients with prediabetes are at high risk of developing diabetes (Knowler et al. 2002). While adiposity, family history and physical inactivity are risk factors of incident diabetes, circadian misalignment as experienced in shift work has been shown to be associated with increased diabetes risk (Anothaisintawee et al. 2015). In non-shift workers, rest–activity circadian rhythm assessments by actigraphy have been used to evaluate the rhythm of sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviors over a 24-h period (van Someren et al. 1996). Altered rest–activity parameters (e.g. lower amplitude, lower interdaily stability) were found to be associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes (Sohail et al. 2015; Xiao et al. 2020), supporting the role of circadian system in metabolic regulation.
Growth trajectories in lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in prediabetic people over a 16- year follow-up and future risk of type2 diabetes mellitus: A latent growth modeling approach
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2022
Awat Feizi, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Parisa Zakeri, Ashraf Aminorroaya, Masoud Amini
Data from prediabetic participants of the Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study (IDPS), a prospective cohort study, were used for the current secondary analysis. Details about the IDPS have been described elsewhere [8,9]. Briefly, the IDPS is an ongoing prospective cohort study established in 2003 to explore the role of lifestyle factors in the development of prediabetes and T2DM in future among first degree relative of T2DM patients. A total of 3483 participants, aged 30–70 years, were recruited from among the first-degree relatives of patients with T2DM who attended the clinics of Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan, Iran and signed the informed consent form. The study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration Principles. After excluding those either with normal blood sugar test or with T2DM, 1228 prediabetics cases remained to be included in the current secondary study and among them 946 people who had data on final status in terms of being normal or progression to T2DM and remaining prediabetes, were included in data analysis. Prediabetes is a condition in which serum glucose levels are higher than the normal threshold but not as higher as the threshold defined for diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition, prediabetes was determined using the following criteria: 100 ≤ FBS < 126 mg/dL or HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c) ≥ 5.7–6.4% or 140 ≤ 2 h-OGTT (2- hour oral glucose tolerance test) < 200 mg/dL [13].
Oxidative Status and Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis Are Changed During 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test over a Five-Hour Period
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Zeynep Küskü Kiraz, Ezgi Kar, Fatih Kar, Evin Kocatürk, Medine Nur Kebapçı, İ. Özkan Alataş, Sema Uslu
Change of parameters of groups during OGTT are shown in Tables 5–7. In normoglycemic group glucose levels were higher in fasting and first hour samples than third, fourth and fifth hour blood samples (p < 0.05). Second hour glucose level was also higher than third and fourth samples (p < 0.05). Third hour glucose level was lower than fourth and fifth hours (p < 0.05). In prediabetes group, fasting serum glucose level was lower than first and second hour glucose levels and it was higher than third, fourth and fifth hour levels. First hour glucose level was higher than the others were. Second hour glucose level was higher than third, fourth and fifth hours (p < 0.05). In diabetes group, fasting glucose was lower than first and Second hours and higher than fourth and fifth hours. First hour glucose level was higher than all the others were. Second hour glucose level was higher than the later ones (p < 0.05).