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Endocrine Disorders, Contraception, and Hormone Therapy during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
No studies of the use of pramlintide during human pregnancy are published. In ex vivo placental experiments, pramlintide had a remarkably low potential for placental transfer (Hiles et al., 2003). The old FDA pregnancy risk category for pramlintide is C, but this is based on rodent studies in which fetal and neonatal survival was markedly reduced.
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Amylin, a 37-amino-acid-peptide, is a pancreatic β-cell hormone that produces effects in several different organ systems (45). Amylin’s major role is as a glucoregulatory hormone, and it is an important regulator of energy metabolism in health and disease. Other amylin actions have also been reported, such as on the cardiovascular system or on bone. Amylin acts principally in the circumventricular organs of the central nervous system and functionally interacts with other metabolically active hormones such as cholecystokinin, leptin, and estradiol. The amylin-based peptide, pramlintide, is used clinically to treat Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies in obesity have shown that amylin agonists could also be useful for weight loss, especially in combination with other agents (45).
Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Antidiabetic Drugs
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Pramlintide is currently used as an adjunctive therapy, combined with insulin, for T1DM and T2DM, although its pharmacokinetic properties are not ideal: In fact, it shows a circulatory half-life of only 48 min, so that it must be injected three times daily. Additionally, its solubility is highly pH-dependent (it has been reported to precipitate above pH 5.5), so that co-formulation with insulin is currently not possible (Bower and Hay, 2016).
Emerging drugs for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a review of phase 2 clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2023
Adjunctive therapies, approved for the management of T1DM, are the amylin analog (pramlintide), a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor (dapagliflozin), and a dual SGLT-1 and −2 inhibitor (sotagliflozin). Pramlintide is approved by the (anonymized) as an adjunct therapy in combination with insulin [43]. Pramlintide affects blood glucose levels by slowing gastric emptying, promoting satiety, and suppressing glucagon secretion [44]. Studies have demonstrated that pramlintide reduces HbA1c by 0.3% with a lower insulin requirement and is associated with the modest weight loss [45,46]. Pramlintide is administered subcutaneously with each meal, and hence, the potential clinical benefit is offset by the inconvenience of taking more injections. The common side effects include gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. In addition, there are no long-term data on safety and cardiovascular outcomes.
Effect of amylin on memory and central insulin resistance in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Seham Zakaria Nassar, Noha Mohamed Badae, Yasmine Amr Issa
Thus, Pramlintide, an amylin analogue was developed, and it serves as an effective drug in clinical use for diabetes (Hoogwerf et al.2008). Although Pramlintide is a nontoxic form of amylin that does not aggregate and activates many of the metabolic pathways that are thought to be beneficial for memory (Nonoyama et al.2008), there is no available data on the effect of Pramlintide use on AD yet. However, some medications, which could influence the concentration of amylin in blood, are associated with cognitive alteration in humans. For instance, Metformin is accused to lower serum amylin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes (Zapecka-Dubno et al.2011), and its use may be associated with cognitive defects (Moore et al.2013) and increased risk of development of AD (Imfeld et al.2012).
Non-insulin pharmacological therapies for treating type 1 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Christian Seerup Frandsen, Thomas Fremming Dejgaard, Sten Madsbad, Jens Juul Holst
More patients treated with pramlintide withdrew from the studies, mostly because of nausea and hypoglycemia, including severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of nausea varied between 10% and 59%, but was often transient lasting 2–8 weeks [29–31]. Hypoglycemia during pramlintide treatment was a problem in some studies, probably because the insulin dose was fixed when initiating pramlintide treatment. Accordingly, in one study, the rate of severe hypoglycemia was significantly higher (0.57 vs. 0.30 events/patient-year) and nausea occurred more frequently (63% vs. 36% of participants) with pramlintide versus placebo [32]. In a study where the insulin dose before meals was reduced by 30–50% when initiating therapy and subsequently adjusted to optimize glycemic control, overall hypoglycemia did not differ from placebo treatment [31]. No cardiac, hepatic or renal drug-related AEs have been reported with pramlintide.