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Postpartum Care
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Elena R. Magro-Malosso, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, Daniele Di Mascio
Human milk production is driven by infant demand. Therefore, frequent feeding, on demand in response to infant feeding cues, continuing until the infant is satisfied, is a cornerstone of breastfeeding success [179], although a recent meta-analysis did not identify trials comparing baby-led feeding with scheduled breastfeeding [180]. NICE clinical guidelines have outlined anticipatory guidance for successful breastfeeding. A small pilot study found that early, limited supplementation with hydrolyzed formula for infants with ≥5% weight loss increased exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 week and 3 months postpartum [181]; several trials to test whether these findings can be replicated are underway (NCT02313181 and NCT02221167).
Recent Discoveries of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Alternatives for Bovine Mastitis Treatment
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Pâmella B. A. Domingues, João Paulo L. Morgado, Maria Aparecida S. Moreira, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior, Fábio A. Pieri
The major concern regarding the use of antibiotics to control mastitis is the development of drug resistance, reduced efficacy and the appearance of super bacteria (Barros et al. 2017; Gong et al. 2018), mainly because of off-label use, with longer duration and higher frequency (Lardé et al. 2020). In addition to the losses in milk production and animal health, there may also be implications to human health, through the presence of resistant strains in the diet and allergic reactions due to the presence of antimicrobials in milk (Barros et al. 2017). In the last decade, the “One Health” approach has received considerable attention in the international scientific community, with topics related to the interaction of human medicine, veterinary medicine and the environment, in addition to the introduction of good practices. The comprehension of this approach allows the improvement in dairy production when introduced during the management of animals and milk production to prevent the spread of pathogens and ensure the quality of products. Daily producers must also be aware of the necessary measures so that waste is disposed of correctly and does not contaminate the environment (Garcia et al. 2019). Mastitis is an ideal target for the “One Health” approach as it is a multi-species, painful disease that has consequences to cattle and human health, along with economic, environmental and public health effects (Fig. 8.2).
Milk feeding
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
It is important to start expressing as soon as possible after birth for infants who cannot be put to the breast. Mothers who have infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) should be encouraged to express at least 6–8 times in 24 hours, including at least once during the night. From 2–3 days after birth, milk production is related to milk removal and if milk remains in the breasts too long, there is a build-up of a protein called the ‘feedback inhibitor of lactation’, which may decrease the milk supply.
Serum androgens and prolactin levels in patients with keratoconus
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Hossein Jamali, Mojtaba Heydari, Nasrin Masihpour, Amir Khosravi, Mousa Zare, Mesbah Shams, Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani
Prolactin is a hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. Its primary function in the body is considered to be the induction of breast growth and milk production during and after pregnancy. The significance of prolactin in the progression of keratoconus was hypothesised based on the fact of keratoconus progression in the pregnancy.36 Mckay et al.32 evaluated the effect of prolactin exposure on human corneal fibroblasts in normal and keratoconus cornea by measuring metabolite flux and enrichment pathways following treatment with prolactin. They observed a significant increase in nicotinamide metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and butyrate metabolism in normal cornea exposed to prolactin. In contrast, they observed no effect of prolactin on quinolinate and free amino acid flux in response to prolactin treatment.
Cubic rank transmuted generalized Gompertz distribution: properties and applications
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
Firstly we analyze the data about the total milk production proportion in the first birth of 107 cows living in the Carnaúba farm in Brazil. The data exist in studies of Cordeiro and Brito [11], Brito [9].The first data set is fitted to CRTGG, TGG, GG, transmuted Weibull (TW) [3], Weibull (W), Exponentiated Exponential (EE, [15]) and transmuted exponentiated exponential (TEE) [19] distributions. The results of real-data application are presented for milk product data in Tables 2 and 3. MLEs and standard errors of unknown parameters of fitted distributions are given in Table 2 and selection criteria statistics of fitted distributions are given in Table 3. Also, Figures 1–4 show fitted cdfs and pdfs for milk product data set, respectively.
Breast milk expression as a challenge for mothers of premature infants
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Emotional distress of mothers causes insufficient milk production because it suppresses the release of oxytocin, the hormone responsible for the milk release reflex. This can be an additional source of stress to mothers (Sisk et al. 2006). Mothers of infants in NICU may have difficulty in expressing milk, which causes insufficient milk production (Rossman et al. 2017). The initiation of milk expression for women who cannot breastfeed immediately after birth or who are not with their infants is a valuable care practice that increases the lactation success of preterm mothers (Thomson et al. 2013). Education, motivation and support for expressing breast milk are very important for its production (Fugate et al. 2015). Mothers who have a preterm delivery are recommended to begin expressing milk within the first six hours after birth (Parker et al. 2020).