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The Metabolic Cart
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
The ultimate purpose of consuming calories is to convert food from plants and animals into usable energy for ourselves. In our bodies, this is done by burning carbohydrates, fats and proteins and capturing some of the energy released into the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP. Heat and water are also produced. The heat maintains our body temperature. The metabolic water contributes to our fluid balance (excess heat and water is dissipated and eliminated). Our cells perform this remarkable biologic combustion by utilizing oxygen as an electron acceptor. With it we enable aerobic respiration and the production of much more ATP than is possible through anaerobic processes.
Water Balance, Electrolyte Balance, and Hydration
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
Roughly, 60% of our water intake is through fluids we ingest and about 30% comes from the foods we eat. Metabolic water, the water resulting from metabolic reactions in our body, provides the other 10% of water intake.
Concept of Nutrition
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
Lloyd et al. (1978) reported that metabolic water is derived from the oxidation of metabolism of hydrogen-containing compounds or energy-rich nutrients inside the body of living organisms. The oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats yields nearly 15 g, 10.5 g, and 11.1 g of metabolic water per 100 kcal of energy, respectively.
Handgrip Strength and Its Association With Hydration Status and Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio in Older Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Joana Mendes, Patrícia Padrão, Pedro Moreira, Alejandro Santos, Nuno Borges, Cláudia Afonso, Rita Negrão, Teresa F. Amaral
Free water reserve (FWR) (mL/24-h) is determined by various parameters of water metabolism: beverages and food water intake, metabolic water, urine volume, and obligatory urine volume (22). It was calculated as follows: [24-hour urine volume − obligatory urine volume] (22). The obligatory urine volume is a theoretical volume defined as the water volume necessary to excrete 24-hour urine solutes at the age-related lower limit of maximum urine osmolality (mean (−2 standard deviations)) (22). Based on literature data of standardized tests of renal concentration capacity in subjects in industrialized countries, the lower limit of maximum urine osmolality has been estimated to be 830 mOsm/kg minus 3.4 mOsm/kg per year starting from an age of 20 years (22). Obligatory urine volume was calculated by the following formula: [solutes in urine 24-hour (mOsm/day)]/[830–3.4 × (age-20)] (22). This calculation implies that the obligatory urine volume to excrete the same amount of 24-hour urine solutes increases with aging, reflecting the poor ability to concentrate urine in the elderly (22). The hydration status was evaluated based on FWR and participants were considered at risk of hypohydration in case of negative FWR values (22).
Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Masumeh Ziaee, Asgar Ebadollahi, Waqas Wakil
It was reported by Le Patourel (1986) that S. granarius, O. surinamensis, C. pusillus and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleopteran: Tenebrionidae) exhibited tolerance to sorptive dust, Sipernat 22S when provided with food commodity. The adult beetles absorb moisture from wheat grains resulted in metabolic water production and more survival. Similarly, Loschiavo (1988) mentioned that Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) provided with food after a 5-d exposure to the silica aerogel Dri-Die 67 (SG-67) indicated a significantly higher survival. It could be attributed to the beetles’ ability to ingest water from food source and restore the lost by desiccation (Loschiavo 1988, White and Loschiavo 1989).
The Na/Ca Exchange as a Target for Antitumor Effect of 4Hz Pulsing Magnetic Field
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2020
Yerazik Mikaelyan, Naira Eloyan, Sinerik Ayrapetyan
The obtained result on spleen tissue hydration in TCM which has a time-dependent character starting from the first two hours of tumor transplantation (Figure 2) not having temperature sensitivity in in vitro state (Figure 3) indicates that the increase of spleen tissue hydration is due to the osmotic water uptake by cells because of the impairment of metabolic water efflux from the cells. The fact that lactate concentration in blood of TCM is significantly higher than that of HM (Figure 4) could serve as a supporting data on the impairment of mitochondrial function in spleen of TCM.