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Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Renal glycosuria is glycosuria occurring with a normal blood glucose level. This occurs when glucose in the renal filtrate is incompletely reabsorbed because of reduced function of the glucose-reabsorbing transporters in the renal tubules. The class of oral diabetes drugs sodium-linked glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) lower blood glucose by causing glycosuria.
Long-Term Glucose Infusions in the Treatment of Fetal Growth Retardation
Published in Asim Kurjak, John M. Beazley, Fetal Growth Retardation: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2020
In pregnant women the blood glucose increased in the course of infusions to 150 to 200 mg% (8 to 11 mmol/1). This elevation lasted for approximately 8 h. In sporadic cases a mild, insignificant glycosuria was observed, not influencing the amount of glucose administered. The daily supply of 2 1 of liquid did not manifest itself by excessive weight gain or increased blood pressure. Only occasionally was edema seen. The hypertonic solution did not damage the veins. However, usually we used a different vein each day.
Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.: Metabolic and Mental Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nishikant A. Raut, Dadasaheb M. Kokare, Gail B. Mahady
In 1964, a very interesting clinical trial was carried out in “People’s Hospital” in Havana-Cuba to assess the hypoglycemic effect of decoction of tulsi (Albahacamorada in Caribbean language) as a supplement. The freshly prepared decoction (about 24 oz) was given orally to each set of the volunteers (normal and diabetic), and blood glucose levels were monitored. The diabetic patients under study were considered difficult cases are having a constant increase in blood sugar levels in spite of the increase in dosage of their regular insulin or tolbutamide; and therefore, this regimen was maintained during the study. Luthy and his coworkers observed positive results with the supplement of tulsi decoction along with their regular insulin or tolbutamide regimen. The diabetic patients were observed to be stabilized with their blood glucose levels and negative glucosuria without any side effects when compared with previous blood and urine reports [25].
Combined crystal-storing histiocytosis, light chain proximal tubulopathy, and light chain crystalline podocytopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Li Zhu, Lei Wang, Hongxia Shi, Lei Jiang, Xin Li, Chunying Shao, Yu Yan, Bao Dong, Wanzhong Zou, Li Zuo
Our patient presented with renal insufficiency and renal glycosuria. Although serum creatinine was significantly elevated, uric acid and serum phosphorus were normal, and hypokalemia persisted, which suggests the presence of Fanconi syndrome. Urinary protein was mainly low molecular weight protein, and albumin was also present. It was considered that the lesions mainly involved the proximal renal tubules and glomerulus. Due to the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin, monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) or MM was suspected. Renal biopsy and bone puncture confirmed our hypothesis. It is suggested that monoclonal immunoglobulin-induced crystalline nephrology should be confirmed when Fanconi syndrome is complicated with monoclonal immunoglobulin. If there is evidence of glomerular involvement at the same time, caution should be taken with LCCP.
Potential molecular mechanism of action of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in the prevention and management of diabetic retinopathy
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2022
Lia Meuthia Zaini, Arief S Kartasasmita, Tjahjono D Gondhowiardjo, Maimun Syukri, Ronny Lesmana
SGLT2 inhibitors become a new therapeutic option for T2DM by selectively blocking SGLT2, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion. The therapeutically induced glycosuria ultimately reduces plasma glucose levels. SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended for the treatment of T2DM as a second or third-line therapy [8–11]. Currently, there are several types of SGLT2 inhibitors known to be in clinical development, such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin, tofogliflozin, ertugliflozin, and sotagliflozin. Both dapagliflozin and canagliflozin have been launched in the US and Europe, while ipragliflozin has been launched in Japan [14]. Apart from their effect on lowering blood sugar levels, SGLT2 inhibitors have also been shown to have other outcomes related to weight loss and lowering blood pressure. Many recent studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors have other beneficial effects, namely as organ protectors. This is because of its advantages in preventing heart and kidney damage associated with diabetes [15].
Non-diabetic glycosuria as a diagnostic clue for acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in patients with azotemia
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
To assess the utility of urine glucose test in identifying ATIN as a cause of elevated creatinine, we performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent a native kidney biopsy at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) as a diagnostic evaluation for serum creatinine higher than 1.4 mg/dL. Patients aged <18 years, having diabetes mellitus or transplanted kidney were excluded. The presence of diabetes mellitus was determined by the positive history of diabetes mellitus, a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% [13]. Glycosuria may also occur in a person who doesn't have diabetes if blood glucose level rises higher than 170–200 mg/dL and the filtered glucose load exceeds the capacity for tubular glucose reabsorption [14]. So, the patients with blood glucose higher than 170 mg/dL on the day when urine glucose was positive were also excluded. Patients with proteinuria in the nephrotic range (24-h urine protein > 3.5 g, urine protein/creatinine >3.5 g/g or urine albumin/creatinine >2.5 g/g [15]) were excluded because ATIN-induced proteinuria is mild and only rarely is in the nephrotic range [1,2]. In some patients with nephrotic syndrome, ATIN was combined to minimal change or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and those patients were also excluded because nephrotic syndrome itself was an indication of a kidney biopsy to determine the pathologic type, regardless of the presence of ATIN.