China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Styling Flesh
Published in Phillip Joy, Megan Aston, Queering Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023
Queer tendencies towards bodily dissatisfaction have been explored by various research studies and queer theorists alike. The heightened desire among gay men to achieve a thin or muscular body, for example, has attracted interrogation over the past 30 years (Gettelman & Thompson, 1993; Strong et al., 2000). More recently, studies of gay dating app activity have shown the muscular body type as a perceived signifier of masculinity and an active, insertive, or “top” position in sex role enactment (Moskowitz & Hart, 2011). Meanwhile, there seems to be a societal fixation on the “construction” of masculinity and femininity in the identities of trans men and women. Serano (2007) explores the notion of “feminization” that appears in real and fictional depictions of trans women, where the act of becoming feminine (dressing, applying makeup) is privileged over simply showing trans women already in feminine clothing or wearing makeup. This may lead to what Serano calls “ungendering,” an undoing of a trans person's gender identity based on some incongruencies or discrepancies in appearance that would typically be overlooked in a person who is presumed to be cisgender. Conversely, within the queer community, pressure is sometimes placed upon trans people to deconstruct binary gender by actively rejecting normative standards of masculine and feminine appearance. Regardless of trans people's own conceptualization of their masculinity or femininity, a societal obsession with this binary is projected onto their bodies.
Advanced Rhinoplasty
Published in Suleyman Tas, Rhinoplasty in Practice, 2022
Adam’s apple: Men have a larynx bump called the Adam’s apple while women do not. Rhinoplasty is also a part of sex reassignment surgery, so understanding the gender differences in noses is essential. A cosmetic procedure known as facial feminization surgery aims to form more feminine features on men, so the previously mentioned differences are eliminated. During this procedure, to cover the supraorbital ridge in male patients, either fat can be injected in the concave area or the forehead can be totally exposed through a bi-coronal incision in a more aggressive surgery where the ridge is either rasped or remodeled with osteotomies. The lips, jaw, and face gain more oval lines through the fat injections. Then, the Adam’s apple is incised, and surgery is performed on the vocal cords. Surgeons need to be quite careful in nasal operations for male patients; otherwise, the surgery can transform these secondary sex characteristics in their patients.
The frail elderly woman: emergent questions in aging and women's health
Published in Ellen Lewin, Virginia Olesen, Women, Health, and Healing, 2022
Although only a minority (around 5 per cent) of the elderly population is in institutional care at any particular time, women greatly outnumber men in residential homes and longstay geriatric wards, as indeed would be expected from the wider demographic picture. The feminization of the institutional environment has implications for both men and women occupants, as I will discuss below.5
Preferences for and barriers to gender affirming surgeries in transgender and non-binary individuals
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2022
Bita Tristani-Firouzi, Jacob Veith, Andrew Simpson, Kelly Hoerger, Andy Rivera, Cori A. Agarwal
The mental health data obtained in the survey highlights the vulnerability of this population. Over half of the respondents indicated being diagnosed with anxiety and depression. 45% reported having a suicide attempt at least once in their life, which is 75 times higher than the average population (0.6%) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2017). For many trans/non-binary individuals, treatment of their gender dysphoria is intimately linked to treatment of their mental health conditions (Dhejne et al., 2016). Surgical procedures such as top, bottom, and facial feminization procedures have been shown to decrease gender dysphoria and improve body satisfaction for trans/non-binary individuals (Van de Grift et al., 2017). These procedures are medically necessary and given the strong evidence that interest for them is increasing, more effort must be made to make these therapies safe and accessible. Thus, understanding their needs for and barriers to gender affirming surgery an important step to ensure that appropriate care is made available for this population.
Depopulation in Spain and violation of occupational rights
Published in Journal of Occupational Science, 2021
Ana Alejandra Laborda Soriano, Alba Cambra Aliaga, María Isabel Vidal-Sánchez
In terms of the number of senior citizens, the data indicates that Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of older population in the EU and throughout the world. In 2017, the group who are older than 65 years accounted for 18.8% of the population, and estimates for 2050 exceed 30% (Luesia & Morel, 2018; Vidal et al., 2017). There are also differences linked to gender given higher life expectancy rates among women, which involves a feminization of the process (Camarero et al., 2009; Vidal et al., 2017). Social isolation that is not desired or chosen, and the resultant subjective loneliness, have negative impacts on health and affect women to a larger extent, in part due to losses that take place during this stage in life (Bermeja & Ausín, 2018; Camarero et al., 2009; López & Díaz, 2018; Smallfield & Molitor, 2018; Vidal et al., 2017). Given the economic situation of older people who live in rural areas in Spain, it is noteworthy that farming and widow’s pensions—more frequent in this context—are lower than pensions under other schemes (Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social, & Migraciones, 2020).
Facial Feminization Surgery: The Ethics of Gatekeeping in Transgender Health
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2018
Facial feminization surgery refers to a set of surgical procedures that alter the characteristic male facial features to provide a more feminine appearance. FFS procedures include common facial plastic procedures like brow lift, rhinoplasty, cheek implantation, and lip augmentation, as well as more specific ones intended to modify bone structure like scalp advancement, frontal cranioplasty, and reduction mandibuloplasty (Ousterhout 2015). In most cases, the desired degree of feminization is impossible to achieve through soft tissue procedures alone, since bone structure provides the architecture of facial sex differences. In this regard FFS is different from cosmetic surgery (Altman 2012). The objective of FFS is to decrease gender dysphoria by aligning the facial features of gender with the inward identification of gender. Male-to-female (MtF) transgender persons have greater difficulty changing their outward appearance compared to FtM transgender persons (van de Grift et al. 2016). Facial features, such as jawline or facial hair growth, are difficult to modify and they are often the main area of concern for MtF patients. It is essential for these patients that their facial features be adjusted in such a way that the face will be recognized as belonging to the female gender.