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Mechanisms of Chemically Induced Glomerular Injury
Published in Robin S. Goldstein, Mechanisms of Injury in Renal Disease and Toxicity, 2020
Because of its vasoconstrictive properties, endothelin (ET) may play a major role in the control of renal hemodynamics in normal and disease conditions. CSA increases ET synthesis and release either by damaging the endothelium or by directly increasing ET gene expression, possibly in the mesangial cells.6 Cultured human mesangial cells express the gene for ET and secrete the corresponding protein.6 Active production of ET by mesangial cells might contribute to modulate glomerular vascular tone and may thus control glomerular function. Recent studies provide evidence129 that CSA induces a time-and dose-dependent decrease in size of the isolated human glomeruli and a distinct contraction of the cultured mesangial cells (Figure 14). These effects occurred in the absence of renal nervous and extraglomerular humoral influences.129 Therefore, it appears that CSA could trigger mesangial cells to increase synthesis of ET which, in turn, could act in an autocrine mode to stimulate contraction of the mesangial cells themselves, contributing in this way to the alteration of the glomerular function.
Perspective
Published in Sami I. Said, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Peptides, 2020
Bursting on the scene less than 10 years ago, the endothelins have quickly gained a prominent place among biologically active peptides. Located primarily in vascular endothelium, respiratory epithelium, and certain other cells, the endothelin family of peptides exerts numerous important actions on multiple systems. These actions include smooth muscle contraction, microvascular leakage and edema, mito-genesis, and mucous gland hypersecretion. Investigation of the possible contributions of the endothelins to a variety of human diseases in progressing at a rapid pace (Chapter 7, 8).
The benefits and risks of androgen therapy in the aging male: prostate disease, lipids and vascular factors
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Among the most significant vasoactive substances are the endothelins. Endothelins are a family of peptides which are produced in a variety of tissues where they act as modulators of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation and hormone production. Studies with endothelins and specific endothelin-receptor antagonists have suggested that these peptides are important in vascular physiology and disease. Endothelin should be regarded more as a paracrine than as an endocrine hormone. The production of endothelins is regulated by a variety of hormones, other vasoactive substances and conditions of vascular stress. Endothelin-1 probably has a role in the maintenance of basal vasomotor tone and it is a very potent vasoconstrictor, counteracted by nitric oxide, prostacyclin and atrial natriuretic peptide. It is likely that endothelin-1 plays a role in atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy (for review see Levin, reference 34).
LncRNA DGCR5/miR-204-5p/SRSF7 axis regulates PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells with potential role in asthma
Published in Autoimmunity, 2023
Ting Zhou, Xiong Chen, Xin Feng
Airway smooth muscle remodelling plays a pivotal role in the occurrence of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma [4, 5]. Under normal circumstances, ASMCs remain static and non-migrating, but inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, contractile agonists, extracellular matrix proteins, and other stimuli can induce ASMC proliferation and migration, which is related to the development of severe asthma [6]. PDGF-BB is significantly upregulated in asthmatic tissues and can enhance ASMC proliferation and migration ability and aggravate the airway remodelling process [7]. PGE2 plays a protective role in airway smooth muscle and promotes its proliferation [8]. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been indirectly implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and induces airway inflammation and remodelling [9]. Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) can induce airway smooth muscle cell proliferation [10]. However, further clarity is needed on the molecular mechanisms of ASMC proliferation and migration.
Adjuncts to pulsed dye laser for treatment of port wine stains: a literature review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Bing Wang, Xianglin Mei, Yanlong Wang, Xin Hu, Fuqiu Li
Endothelin is a bioactive peptide synthesized by endothelial cells that has vasoconstrictive effect, which is associated with the growth of various tumors. It can inhibit cell apoptosis and promote neovascularization. Endothelin receptor antagonists have been shown to exhibit antiangiogenic effects in animal models (47). Accordingly, some scholars speculated that the endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, may inhibit PDL-induced angiogenesis in PWS lesions. Under this assumption, it was used in combination with PDL to treat PWS. Four patients with refractory PWS received bosentan 1 day before the PDL treatment and continued it for 14 days. Three patients showed no or only slight improvement, whereas one patient showed a noticeable improvement at the treated area. At 6-month follow-up, the efficacy was maintained. Subsequently, this patient was continued to be treated, and the lesions also showed blanching. This result indicates that some PWS patients may benefit from systematically administered endothelin receptor antagonists to inhibit angiogenesis after PDL treatment (48).
Retinal Microcirculation Alterations in Microalbuminuric Diabetic Patients With and Without Retinopathy
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Cemile Ucgul Atilgan, Kadir Gokhan Atilgan, Pinar Kosekahya, Yasin Sakir Goker, Mustafa Salih Karatepe, Mehtap Caglayan, Mehmet Citirik
The deterioration of retinal microcirculation in patients with DM can be observed long before the clinical detection of DR.21 Several studies support the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is a precursor of type-2 DM indicating that vascular endothelial dysfunction may precede insulin resistance.22 A potent vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), was found to be increased in patients with DM, and a positive correlation between plasma ET-1 level and diabetic microangiopathy including the DR has been reported. So, endothelin system may have a potential role in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction and increased urinary albumin excretion are interrelated processes that develop in parallel, supporting the fact that MA causes generalized endothelial dysfunction.23