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L-Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adjuvant Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also called chronic kidney failure, is the loss of kidney filtration function. The advanced form causes dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes to build up in the body. In the early stages of CKD, there may be few signs or symptoms, if any. Treatment centers on slowing the progression of kidney damage, usually by controlling the cause. But even controlling the cause might not keep kidney damage from progressing. CKD can progress to end-stage kidney failure, which is fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or a kidney transplant.
Stimulants and psychedelics
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Autopsy reports suggest that prolonged cocaine misuse by chronic young cocaine users causes intimal hyperplasia and premature atherosclerosis. Similarly, endo-myocardial biopsy specimens from patients with cocaine-induced chest pain show marked thickening of small coronary vessels (Vasica and Tennant, 2002). Prolonged cocaine abuse has also been associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis (ibid.). There is an array of respiratory effects from chronic smoking of cocaine, including haemoptysis, shortness of breath, bronchospasm and bronchial asthma, lung trauma, and sore throat. Several dental effects have also been reported, such as breakdown of tooth enamel, tooth decay and gingivitis (Blanksma and Brand, 2005; Maloney, 2010). Cocaine use often causes bruxism, which can deteriorate tooth enamel, and stimulants such as cocaine cause dehydration and dry mouth. Chronic intranasal use can cause perforation of the nasal septum and palate (Blanksma and Brand, 2005). Cocaine may also increase the risk of people developing rare autoimmune or connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture’s syndrome, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Trozak and Gould, 1984; Moore and Richardson, 1998; Peces et al., 1999). It can also cause a wide array of kidney diseases and chronic kidney failure (van der Woude, 2000; Jaffe and Kimmel, 2006).
The Problem of Rising Healthcare Costs and Spending
Published in Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky, Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
Examples include organ transplants and the use of artificial organs. Halfway technology for chronic kidney failure means dialysis or kidney transplant. For heart disease, halfway technology can mean open heart surgery, a pacemaker, a transplant, or an artificial heart. Such halfway technologies are generally very expensive (Morris 1984). The final level of technology, “high technology,” is exemplified by immunization, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and prevention of nutritional disorders. High technology “comes as a result of genuine understanding of disease mechanisms, and when it becomes available it is relatively inexpensive to deliver” (Thomas 1975, 40).
Utilization of Perifascial Loose Areolar Tissue Grafting as an Autologous Dermal Substitute in Extremity Burns
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Burak Özkan, Burak Ergün Tatar, Abbas Albayati, Cagri Ahmet Uysal
Eleven PAT grafts were used for the upper extremity, and 5 PAT grafting procedures were performed for the lower extremity to cover exposed bones or tendons. Any tendon adhesion was not observed in the late postoperative period. The survival rates of the PAT and skin grafts were 93.8% and 68.6%, respectively. The PAT graft failed to engraft in the ankle region in 1 patient. PAT and skin regrafting were performed 2 weeks later, with an uneventful healing. Partial skin graft necrosis was found in 4 patients, of whom 3 achieved healing with conservative wound care. The remaining patient required regrafting over the PAT graft. All patients older than 53 years (7/11 patients) had mild to severe comorbidities. Partial skin necrosis was found in 2 patients with diabetes mellitus. No complications were found in the patients with severe comorbidities such as chronic kidney failure and peripheral arterial disease. Seroma formation was found in 1 patient but was resolved within 1 month with a compression dressing.
Rate and predictors of 30-day readmission for clostridiodes difficile: a United States analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Asim Kichloo, Zain El-amir, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Mohammad Al-Haddad, Jagmeet Singh, Gurdeep Singh, Carlos Corpuz, Hafeez Shaka
We noted that 30-day readmissions of CDE had a higher proportion of patients with comorbidities such as DM, CHF, CKD, and COPD compared to the index admissions. The association between several of these comorbidities with CDE has already been established in literature. For example, patients with CDE may have prolonged periods of continued watery diarrhea leading to volume depletion and progression of pre-renal acute kidney injury to acute tubular necrosis and ultimately CKD [17]. Additionally, these patients with underlying CKD may be at a higher risk of developing acute on chronic kidney failure due to significant dehydration secondary to diarrhea. CDE has also been linked to acute renal failure due to the action of toxin B on the collecting duct leading to increased loss of volume and subsequent death [18]. Additionally, C. difficile infection has also been linked to the development of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy in patients with a prior diagnosis of acute and chronic renal failure [18]. Hence, through multiple mechanisms, CDE may lead to readmission in patients with pre-existing renal disease. Furthermore, per guidelines, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease, renal failure, DM, and haematologic malignancies, who present to the hospital for acute-onset diarrhea, screening studies for C. difficile are recommended as they are prominent risk factor for index or recurrent infection [19,20].
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C are early biomarkers of acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Anne Cecilie K. Larstorp, Cathrin Lytomt Salvador, Bjørn Andreas Svensvik, Olav Klingenberg, Sonia Distante
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition occurring in as much as half of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery [1–4] and may lead to renal replacement therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment is of utmost importance for short- and long-term prognosis, and even transitory cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) with later full recovery of kidney function is associated with increased 10-year mortality [5]. The diagnosis of AKI is often based on an increase in plasma creatinine concentration and a decrease in urine output, however, the sensitivity for early diagnosis of AKI based on these measurements is low [6–8]. A critical therapeutic window may have passed by the time an increase in creatinine is detected. Thus, there is a need for robust biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers that can detect AKI before a rise in plasma creatinine occurs [9–11]. To complicate matters further, there is a high prevalence of chronic kidney failure in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. These patients have chronically elevated plasma creatinine levels, which complicate interpretation of changes in creatinine following surgery.