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Pregnancy and Skin Disease
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Tugba Kevser Uzuncakmak, Ozge Askin, Yalçın Tüzün
Overview: During pregnancy, increased activity is observed in the eccrine sweat glands, which may cause dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, and miliaria. A decrease in activity is also seen in the apocrine sweat glands. This can provide relative relief in those women who have hidradenitis suppurativa and Fox-Fordyce lesions. Sebaceous glands can also become more active, as seen with Montgomery tubercles, which are the small papules on the areola that provide lubrication during breastfeeding and are now enlarged. Increased activity in the sebaceous glands may also cause acne flares.
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Mammalian Skin
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
The secretory product of the apocrine glands is a viscous substance. Studies have demonstrated proteins, sugars, pheromones, and ammonia in the apocrine secretion. The secretion in the human is odorless, but surface bacterial degradation produces odoriferous products. The significance of the glands in animals is related to communications between species probably as a sex attractant or as a territorial marker.217,219
Carcinoma of the Vagina and Vulva
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami, Kostas Lathouras
This is an uncommon condition, similar to that found in the breast. Pruritus is the presenting complaint. The lesion is indistinguishable clinically from squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, and the diagnosis must be made by biopsy. In approximately one-third of patients, there is an adenocarcinoma in the apocrine glands. This has a poor prognosis if the groin lymph nodes are involved, with no survivors at 5 years.
Hidradenoma papilliferum of the perineum; a rare tumour in a rare location
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Saliha Sağnıç, Sinan Serdar Ay, Hasan Aykut Tuncer, Selen Doğan, Tayup Şimşek
Tumours of the apocrine gland are closely related to each other histopathologically. Tubular apocrine adenoma, clear cell (apocrine) hidradenoma, and syringocystadenoma papilliferum should be included in the histopathological differential diagnosis of HP. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum is very rarely seen in the female genital tract. Cystic invaginations extending downward from the epidermis along with plasma cell infiltration are characteristic of histological findings of syringocystadenoma papilliferum and the absence of connection in the papillary structure distinguishes hidradenoma papilliferum from syringocystadenoma papilliferum. GCDFP-15, a sensitive marker for apocrine differentiation, is mostly positive in HP while in syringocystadenoma papilliferum lower GCDFP-15 staining has been reported (Nishie et al. 2004). In tubular apocrine adenoma, tubules have a dilated lumen with papillary projections extending into it. In clear cell hidradenoma, the lesions are constructed with apocrine-like tubular structures and clear cells can be seen. Hidradenoma papilliferum sometimes displays histopathology similar to these conditions (Minami et al. 2006, Lee et al. 2011).
Primary apocrine adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac: an extremely rare variant of lacrimal sac neoplasm
Published in Orbit, 2022
Md. Shahid Alam, Vazhipokkil Anju Chandran, Subramanian KrishnaKumar
Primary lacrimal sac malignancies are extremely rare. A total of about 700 cases have been reported in the literature till date. Most of these tumours are of epithelial origin. The tumors mostly present with a mass or swelling in the lacrimal sac area with or without watering. Amongst the epithelial tumours, squamous carcinoma is the most common variant, while tumours of glandular origin like adenocarcinoma are seldom seen.1 Apocrine adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare sweat gland carcinoma. They usually arise in the area of high sweat gland density like axilla but have been reported elsewhere in the body including scalp, forehead, eyelid, upper lip, submandibular skin, chest, pubic skin, nipple, arm, wrist, and finger.2 In the periocular and adnexal area, they have been reported in the eyelid and caruncular region.3–7 To the best of authors’ knowledge, there is only a single case report of apocrine adenocarcinoma arising from the lacrimal sac.8 We herewith report the second case of this extremely rare tumor arising from the lacrimal sac. We feel that this report would further expand the horizon of histopathological variants of lacrimal sac malignancies and would aid in tailoring down the management. The patient gave consent for publication of his photograph for research purpose and the case report adhered to the tenets of Declaration of Helsinki.
Anti-ageing peptides and proteins for topical applications: a review
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Mengyang Liu, Shuo Chen, Zhiwen Zhang, Hongyu Li, Guiju Sun, Naibo Yin, Jingyuan Wen
Glands are partial appendages, and the sebaceous glands are the small oil-producing glands directly open to the skin's surface and attach to hair follicles. These glands are most abundant on the scalp and face. They secrete an antibacterial substance known as sebum, a mixture of free fatty acids, glycerides, and cholesterol (Wertz 2018). Sebum acts as a lubricant and is the source of SC plasticizing lipids. The essential function of sebum is to maintain the pH of the skin’s surface (Ma et al. 2019). Sweat glands are present in the lower layers of the dermis and are responsible for temperature regulation. Distributed all over the body, except around the areola, secretions from sweat glands are a diluted salt solution with a pH of around 5 (Ma et al. 2019). Conversely, the apocrine glands are only located in areas such as the armpit and perianal, and they are usually larger than other counterparts (Farah et al. 2020). These appendages also change during puberty, affecting the permeation of the skin (Hirt et al. 2019).