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Etiology of Substance Abuse and Similarities in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Most addicts and their families, in reflective moments, want to identify the small flaw in the addict’s earlier life that will provide understanding of the destructive addiction. The simplistic search for “an etiology” of harmful substance abuse likens the problem to a sore finger caused by a splinter. If only the splinter could be plucked out, the problem would disappear. This form of thinking creates an urgency to find the cause of addiction, for its removal represents the “cure.”
Phagocytosis By Human Neutrophils
Published in Hans H. Gadebusch, Phagocytes and Cellular Immunity, 2020
I said to myself that, if my supposition was true, a splinter introduced into the body of a star-fish larva, devoid of blood vessels or of a nervous system, should soon be surrounded by mobile cells as is to be observed in a man who runs a splinter into his finger. This was no sooner said than done.
Psoriasis
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Stamatis Gregoriou, Eftychia Platsidaki, Dimitris Rigopoulos
Psoriatic nail disease can resemble several other nail disorders. Although the oil-drop sign and the red lunula spots are more specific for nail psoriasis, the presence of the rest of the psoriatic nail signs can make the diagnosis more difficult to establish. Nail pitting has been described in alopecia areata, eczema, trauma, and less often in parakeratosis pustulosa, pemphigus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis, drug-induced erythroderma, secondary syphilis, Reiter disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic paronychia. Subungual hyperkeratosis may be seen in eczema, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and even cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Onycholysis is commonly idiopathic, observed in women dealing with household tasks, but also observed in hand eczema, lichen planus, tumors, hyperthyroidism, bullous disease, and connective tissue disorders. Splinter hemorrhages are most commonly seen in trauma. Proximal splinter hemorrhages may be indicative of systemic disorders, such as infective endocarditis, renal or pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, vasculitis, and antiphospholipid syndrome. On the other hand, distal splinter hemorrhages can be found in onychomycosis and eczema.
Epithelial ingrowth as a rare complication of nonpenetrating traumatic corneal injury
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Okyanus Bulut, Banu Yaman, Ozlem Barut Selver
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 10/10 in the right eye and 4/10 in the left eye. An irregular undulating anterior stromal opacification placed diagonally at the central cornea with granular opacities in the left eye. Fluorescein staining was negative and accompanying anterior chamber reaction was not present (Figure 1A). The anterior segment examination of the right eye, intraocular pressures and fundus examination of both eyes were normal and there was no suggestion of anterior corneal dystrophy in either eye. With the diagnosis of epithelial ingrowth due to corneal trauma, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was performed. There were clusters of hyperreflective organisations at the superficial corneal stroma (Figure 1). This supported the diagnosis of epithelial ingrowth due to non-penetrating trauma with a wooden splinter. There was no appearance of a full-thickness corneal scar or no evidence of a penetrant injury in both clinical examination and AS-OCT.
Acute Uveitis in a Background of Streptococcal Sepsis: Infective or Inflammatory?
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
There are few case reports in the literature describing uveitis as another clinical entity that is part of the syndrome. Gallagher, M.J et al.6 reported one such case in 2006 of a 13 year old, who presented with flu like symptoms and unilateral blurring of vision of 2 weeks onset. Ocular findings were suggestive of acute anterior uveitis and intermediate uveitis with features of vitritis. Posterior segment also showed optic disc swelling with splinter hemorrhages in the retina. This was in the background of post streptococcal pharyngitis. The patient responded well to topical and oral steroids under the cover of systemic antibiotics similar to our patient. The vast majority of cases in the literature were bilateral,1 but our case had a unilateral presentation consistent with the case reported by Gallagher, M.J et al.3
Personalized approaches for the management of glaucoma
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2020
Shiama Indu Balendra, Piero Zollet, Gloria Cisa Asinari Di Gresy E Casasca, Maria Francesca Cordeiro
Vascular dysregulation can lead to over and under perfusion of a particular supply territory and may be either primary or secondary to another disease process [42]. Primary vascular dysregulation (PVD) has been a recognized association in NTG patients, particularly in females, and sufferers of PVD syndrome also had a higher rate of migraines [43–45]. Splinter hemorrhages are known to be linked to PVD syndrome, so may explain why hemorrhages often occur in patients with NTG [46]. Ocular blood flow has been shown to be correlated with peripheral circulation in PVD patients [47]. Changes in ocular blood flow due to disturbed autoregulation can lead to unstable oxygen supply and oxidative stress, which is a recognized mechanism of glaucomatous optic neuropathy [42].