China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Rehydration may take more than five hours. While dehydration–rehydration practices are common within weight class sport athletes, the potential positive effects of these practices may be negated during subsequent competition. It has been suggested that while the effect of dehydration is often quite negative (225), these effects may be exacerbated with losses of more than 2% body mass. Furthermore, repeated bouts of rapid dehydration may also be negative due to accumulative effects of such practices (225). It should be noted that rehydration by artificial means (e.g., intravenous infusion of fluid), can be dangerous and should be avoided if possible. It is recommended that weight class athletes should avoid foods that cause water retention (salty foods) and high-fiber foods in order to make weight.
Emergency Medicine
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Although fluid resuscitation for shock should be undertaken promptly, there is no rush for rehydration, pH or electrolyte correction. Rehydration should be slow over 48 hours with regular checks of serum electrolytes and osmolarity. A urinary catheter should be placed in the presence of oliguria or reduced conscious level.
An Overview on the Beneficial Effects of Hydration
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Although many diseases/dysfunctions have multifactorial origins, lifestyle, genetics, environment and other factors including the state of hydration are worthy of investigation. Moderate dehydration plays a factor in the development of various diseases and disorders. Conditions associated with the negative impacts of hypohydration or dehydration include alterations in amniotic fluids, prolonged labor, cystic fibrosis, and renal toxicity secondary to dehydration altering how contrast agents are metabolized. The effects of chronic hypohydration or dehydration (systemic effects) include associations with (ranging from weak to mild) urinary tract infections, gallstones, constipation, hypertension, bladder and colon cancer, venous thromboembolism, cerebral infarcts, dental diseases, kidney stones, mitral valve prolapse, glaucoma and diabetic ketoacidosis.3 Rehydration and proper hydration improve the pathophysiological conditions, disease prevention and improvement of health. Multiple factors which may affect the state of hydration include high ambient temperature, the relative humidity, rate of sweating, increased body temperature, exercise duration, training status of the individual, exercise intensity, high body fat percentage, underwater exercise, use of diuretic medications and uncontrolled diabetes. The assessment of an athlete for hydration status should include a review of all of these factors.
Handgrip Strength and Its Association With Hydration Status and Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio in Older Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Joana Mendes, Patrícia Padrão, Pedro Moreira, Alejandro Santos, Nuno Borges, Cláudia Afonso, Rita Negrão, Teresa F. Amaral
In relation to the methodology used in the present study, previous research showed that urinary indices, such as urinary osmolality and particularly FWR, represented body water loss as well as, or better than, plasma osmolality (46). Among the urinary indices, FWR is more advantageous than urinary osmolality, because FWR represents a volume, considering the loss of renal capacity with aging, while urinary osmolality is only a measure of concentration, which depends on gender and diet (22). On the other hand, some authors defend serum measures as the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis (47), but there is a lack of consensus regarding the relative efficacy of plasma osmolality versus other hydration status indices (22, 33). In fact, there is no universally accepted method for measuring the hydration status (22), particularly in older people, in whom the early diagnosis of dehydration can be difficult. In older adults, classical physical signs of dehydration, such as weight loss, skin turgor, dry mouth, and capillary refill time may be absent or misleading (48).
Phenylketonuria in the adult patient
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2019
Leticia Ceberio, Álvaro Hermida, Eva Venegas, Francisco Arrieta, Montserrat Morales, Maria Forga, Montserrat Gonzalo
PKU is a chronic disorder, however, certain medical situations could require an emergency treatment. An unplanned pregnancy needs an emergency diet, in some cases with hospital admission, to reduce immediately the blood Phe levels but without weight loss so avoiding catabolism [4,56]. In presence of an intercurrent disease, especially infectious events, the Phe intake should be reduced by 15% due to an increase of the amino acid independently of the diet [19]. The catabolism should be avoided by an increase of 10% of the energy intake from the usual diet based on maltose, dextrin or vegetable oil. An appropriate hydration level and electrolyte balance should be maintained using oral rehydration salts as needed. If Phe levels keep > 480 µmol/L, the Phe intake should be interrupted and exclusively provide the Phe-free amino acid formula. Once the Phe levels go below 360 µmol/L, the introduction of 50% of prescribed Phe intake can be restarted. In case of an intervention that required fasting such a surgical intervention or a fasting childbirth, the glucose intake should be guaranteed with intravenous infusion of 5 or 10% glucose solutions and insulin if it is necessary, to avoid catabolic events with Phe increase [19].
MicroRNA profiling from dried blood samples
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2019
Caroline Diener, Valentina Galata, Andreas Keller, Eckart Meese
The detection of miRNAs originating from serum DBS was investigated by Patnaik et al. in 2010, comparing different adsorptive materials, temperatures and humidity conditions during desiccation, storage temperatures, and agents for DBS rehydration [44]. Patnaik et al. showed that the adsorbing material may affect the subsequent RNA recovery. The usage of cellulose instead of glass fiber paper resulted in a higher yield of a selected miRNA (miR-16). The drying and rehydration process also had an impact on RNA recovery. While drying the samples at room temperature (RT), 37 °C or 45 °C resulted in a comparable recovery of miR-16, drying the samples at 60 °C led to an increased yield of miR-16. Blood spots that were not completely dried before storage yielded a reduced amount of miR-16. RNA recovery by guanidinium thiocyanate was higher compared to using either diluted guanidinium thiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, phosphate-buffered saline, or water. For the overall process of DBS rehydration, Patnaik et al. suggest a time period of 5–30 min. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the storage of DBS at −80 °C, RT, or 37 °C, when compared to the storage of liquid serum samples at −80 °C. Likewise, the storage duration did not seem to significantly impact the miRNA yield, as shown by the comparison of DBS stored at RT and serum stored at frozen (−80 °C) for 5 months. Overall, Patnaik et al. suggest a quick and thorough drying procedure on a textured adsorptive material for an optimized miRNA yield, while the storage temperature of DBS does not seem to have an effect on miRNA yield.