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Drowning Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
The classical signs of drowning are:The presence of objects such as weeds, sand, mud and other debris firmly clenched in the hand.The presence of white fine lathery froth at the mouth and nostrils.The presence of fine froth in the air passages.Voluminous waterlogged lungs.The presence of sand, mud, etc. in the air passages.The presence of water, especially which contains mud, sand, etc. in the stomach and/or small intestines.
Specific Emergency Conditions in Forced Displacement Settings
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Natalie Roberts, Halfdan Holger Knudsen, Alvin Sornum, Taha Al-Taei, Barbara Scoralick Villela, Maryam Omar, Faith Traeh, Abdulkarim Ekzayez, Clare Shortall, Eric Weerts
The main risk factors for drowning are as follow:A lack of swimming abilityA lack of physical barriersInadequate supervision around bodies of water, particularly for childrenUncovered and unprotected water sources or containersNatural disasters that involve floodingRisky behaviour and a lack of educationUnsafe transport or water crossing
The Trauma Epidemic
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Other risk factors for death from drowning include epilepsy, occupation and alcohol. In Sweden, drowning is the cause of death in 10% of epileptics; 90% of occupational mortality in Alaskan fishermen is due to drowning, and alcohol is a risk factor for drowning particularly among adolescents and adults. Alcohol or drug use has been implicated in 14% of unintentional drowning deaths in Australia, of which approximately 80% are in males.32
The epidemiology of fatal drowning in children: a 13-year retrospective study in Turkey
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2020
Ali Işın, Eren Akdağ, Adnan Turgut
Water is needed in many areas, such as survival, cleaning, sports, and entertainment. It often means fun and play for children, but it can create a dangerous environment for children. A young child can drown in a bucket, bathtub, or a rice field for a few centimetres of water (Peden & Mahony, 2016). Drowning in children is a major global public health problem. The majority of drownings (97%) have been reported to be associated with daily activities (Farizan et al., 2019). Children aged under 5 years are at the highest risk for drowning in children. Over the past decade, nearby 300 children under the age of five have drowned in Australia (Peden & Mahony, 2016). The majority of drowning cases in children are caused by the lack of swimming skills, supervision, safe swimming areas and lifeguards (Turgut et al., 2018).
A document analysis of drowning prevention education resources in the United States
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2018
Adam Bradley Katchmarchi, Andrea R. Taliaferro, Hannah Joy Kipfer
Emergency procedures comprised only a small portion of the data set (10.2%). Most organizations and scholarly papers highlight that though drowning is preventable, it is an accidental injury and can happen even if safety and prevention steps are taken, and hence preparation is key. Nineteen of the resources in the sample had data points that related to emergency procedures, which was striking since inherently unintentional injuries are a risk in aquatic settings. Additionally, another area of interest was the similarly small representation of safety equipment (10.2%) in the sample of resources. Many educational campaigns such as Wear It have highlighted the importance of lifejackets as an important safety step when around the water (National Safe Boating Council, 2014). Even though many of these campaigns centre primarily on boating safety, a number of reasons exist for their prevalence in drowning prevention safety information. Similar to emergency procedures, safety equipment was represented in three quarters of the data (76%) which is notable due to the need of equipment in many emergency situations. Though resources in this research focus on prevention of drowning, Ramos et al. (2015) and other safety publications on injury prevention have begun to separate prevention and response, with the recognition that that prevention and response work hand-in-hand due to the unintentional nature of these injuries.
Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: An Epidemiological Study
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2023
Rachel Irvine, Tan Doan, Emma Bosley, Marc Colbeck, Kelly-Ann Bowles
Drowning has been recognized within this study as a preventable high-yield etiology. With a 9.2% rate of occurrence in the pediatric OHCA cohort and a 31.1% ROSC rate, this is a cause of arrest that is highly preventable. Literature suggests the effects preventative steps in the community can have as participants of community education programs regarding water safety anecdotally report improvements to their drowning awareness; however, high-quality quantitative research on the effectiveness of these prevention methods is limited (33). There is a research and community need here that is not currently being met and must be investigated thoroughly in the future.