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Complications of Equine Anesthesia
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Other signs of air embolism include: Collapse/seizure.Anxiety.Malaise.Tachycardia.Tachypnea.Muscle fasciculations.Agitation with abnormal behavior including kicking and flank biting.Cyanosis.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Zaid Diken, Antonio F. Saad, Luis D. Pacheco
Acute cardiorespiratory compromise can also be seen with air embolism. The initial management of this condition is identical to that of AFE. In addition, normobaric 100% oxygen should be administered if highly suspected. Patient should also be placed in left lateral decubitus position to avoid air from traveling to the pulmonary vasculature. If a central venous catheter is in place, blood aspiration of air bubbles can be attempted. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used in cases of arterial air embolism.
Thoracic Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The principal pathophysiological consequence of penetrating trauma is usually haemorrhage due to damage to major blood vessels. Arterial bleeding from the great vessels is often fatal, although venous bleeding may be arrested by the tamponade effect and accompanying hypotension. Pericardial tamponade may occur due to direct laceration of the myocardium or coronary vessels and is most commonly seen where there is a mediastinal entry site for the penetrating wound. Penetrating trauma may also result in an open pneumothorax, particularly with projectile or fragmentation injuries, when air preferentially enters the pleural cavity through the chest wall during normal respiration. Alveolar-venous injury may also lead to a risk of systemic air embolus, the overall incidence of which in thoracic trauma has been estimated to be 4%–14%, with two-thirds being the result of penetrating trauma.13, 14 The clinical significance of systemic air embolism will depend upon the volume and duration of air entrainment. Figure 10.2 summarizes the consequences of penetrating thoracic injury.
Prime the Line! A Case Report of Air Embolism from a Peripheral IV Line in the Field
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2020
Tiffany M. Abramson, Stephen Sanko, Saman Kashani, Marc Eckstein
Venous air embolisms (VAE) occur when a non-collapsed vein is exposed to the atmosphere and a pressure gradient favors air entry into the vascular system. While most commonly associated with surgical procedures, venous air embolism may also be introduced during vascular access procedures or infusions through peripheral intravenous catheters. Symptoms result from the obstruction of the circulatory system by the air embolism and vary depending on the size of the air embolism (1). Venous air embolisms may be asymptomatic, cause mild respiratory distress and chest pain, or result in cardiovascular collapse (2). The true incidence is unknown and is likely underestimated as VAEs are often subclinical and difficult to detect (3). There are relatively few reports of venous air embolisms secondary to peripheral intravenous access and no reports from the prehospital setting (1, 3, 4).
Air embolism following peripheral intravenous access
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Myrian Noella Vinan-Vega, M. Rubayat Rahman, Jeremy Thompson, Misty D. Ruppert, Raj J. Patel, Amr Ismail, Sara Mousa, J. Drew Payne
Air embolism is a predominantly iatrogenic condition that most frequently arises following otolaryngological and neurosurgical procedures, cervical spine fusion, barotrauma, use of rapid infusion systems, and invasive vascular procedures.1–8 Air embolism has been reported with insertion or removal of intravenous catheters at an estimated incidence of 1 in 47 to 1 in 3000.1 Though the risk of air introduction is present with any vascular intervention,8 few cases of air embolism have been reported from intravenous access alone.