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Assessment – Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam to Detect Micronutrient Deficiencies
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Xerosis, characterized by dry, scaly, flaky skin, may be caused by EFA or vitamin A deficiency (see Figure 7.15). Possible non-nutrient causes include environmental factors, dehydration as well as aging.4
Dermatitides
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Allison Perz, Tara Jennings, Robert Duffy, Warren Heymann
Definition: Xerosis is a chronic skin disorder characterized by inflamed, dry skin and pruritus. Overview: Xerosis is most common in older patients and typically occurs during the winter months due to cold dry air. Decreased activity of sebaceous and sweat glands may contribute to the dry skin, which contributes to increased transepidermal water loss and fissuring. Pruritus incited by the dry skin then causes the patient to scratch, leading to further disturbance of the skin barrier.
Disorders of keratinization and other genodermatoses
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
The term ‘xerosis’ refers to dryness of the skin, and as such does not signify any particular disease. Xerosis often occurs or increases with age, and in the dry season. It may be worsened by repeated washing with soaps. Xerotic skin is often more prone to pruritus and is sometimes associated with atopy. Adequate use of emollients is helpful.
Difelikefalin for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Anjay Rastogi, Steven Fishbane, Edgar Lerma
As the only approved treatment of CKD-aP in the U.S.A and Europe, difelikefalin has been recommended as first-line treatment for patients with moderate to severe pruritus (Figure 5). It is important that the treatment pathway includes screening, diagnosis, and assessment of itch severity, as well as treatment options. Gabapentinoids are also recommended as a first-line treatment; however as gabapentoids are not approved for this indication and their use is off-label, it may be preferable to reserve treatment with gabapentinoids to patients found to be refractory to difelikefalin. Other treatments such as phototherapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are recommended as third-line (again, off-label) treatments. Skin moisturization and barrier-function therapy with emollients, moisturizing ointments, and bath oils remain a universal approach to the management of xerosis related to CKD-aP, particularly for relief of mild disease.
Prevalence and treatment outcomes of skin infections among elderly population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Ali Akhtar, Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali, Hadzliana Zainal, Amer Hayat Khan
In western countries, the percentage of elderly patients being admitted in dermatology clinics is increasing steadily each year for the treatment of skin infections (17). The prevalence of skin infections among elderly patients was higher as compared to the previous literature (3) and in similar studies (18,19). This could be clarified by the high prevalence of eczema and dermatitis in this study. ‘Rash’ could be the initial stage of almost all kinds of skin infections. In this study, the prevalence of rash initiated infections was higher as compared to 15.6% in study done in America (18). Xerosis was detected in 13.8% of the study population with rare complains of dry skin as compared to 60.6% reported in another study (18). Such medical conditions are due to sedentary life style of the elderly population. Significant decrease in stratum corneum water contents in the body of geriatric population is reported previously due to their immobilized life style may contribute to dry skin (20).
Reversible cicatricial ectropion associated with EGFR inhibitors
Published in Orbit, 2018
Stacy Scofield-Kaplan, James Todaro, Bryan J. Winn
The mechanism of cutaneous side effects associated with EGFR inhibitors is thought to be from inhibition of the EGFR in keratocytes and hair follicles, which express similar levels of EGFR as the cancer cells being targeted.11 This cutaneous rash can also have an associated xerosis with itching and scaling of the skin. Histologically, the epidermis and dermis contain T cells along with neutrophils along hair follicles.11 We believe this inflammatory component along with the chronic blepharitis contributes to anterior lamella shortening and the development of cicatricial ectropion. Other conditions such as psoriasis and discoid lupus have similarly been reported to have cicatricial ectropion in association with chronic blepharitis and scarring from the associated rash in lupus or plaque with psoriasis.12,13