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Superficial mycoses in the elderly
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
B. P. Glick, M. Zaiac, G. Rebell, N. Zaias
The typical presentation of tinea versicolor reflects concern over the appearance of the lesions. Occasionally mild itching and inflammation are present. Other sites of predilection for tinea versicolor include the sternal region, chest, abdomen, back and intertriginous areas. The skin of the palms and soles may also be occasionally involved15.
Dermatophytosis
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Iman Salem, Nancy Isham
Tinea versicolor causes erythematous, hypopigmented, or hyperpigmented macules or patches, which may or may not be pruritic (Figure 15.15). Fine scaling may be elicited with scratching of the skin surface. Sebum-rich areas, in particular the upper chest, upper back, and shoulders, are frequent sites of involvement. In temperate climates, facial involvement occurs primarily in children, whereas in tropical and subtropical regions, it is common in both adults and children [47]. Tinea versicolor may be confused with tinea corporis, vitiligo, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis alba, and secondary syphilis, among others [17].
Superficial and Mucosal Fungal Infections
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
Peter G. Pappas, Bethany Bergamo
Malassezia spp. are the cause of tinea versicolor, a superficial cutaneous infection characterized by hypo- or hyperpigmented macules or slightly scaly patches on the upper trunk, neck, and arms. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff are also associated with Malassezia spp., typically M. restricta. The Malassezia spp. are part of normal skin flora and can be isolated from the skin of 97% of healthy adults (35,36).
Assessment of antifungal efficacy of itraconazole loaded aspasomal cream: comparative clinical study
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Caroline Lamie, Enas Elmowafy, Maha H. Ragaie, Dalia A. Attia, Nahed D. Mortada
Candidiasis is caused by Candida spp, especially Candida albicans (CA) which is able to conquer the stratum corneum and reach the deeper dermal strata causing cutaneous candidiasis (Permana et al., 2020). Diaper dermatitis (DD) triggered by candidiasis is a frequent issue in diaper-wearing newborns (Spraker et al., 2006). Another example is superficial tinea infections that are caused by dermatophytes that affect many regions of the body such as tinea versicolor (TVC) and tinea corporis (TC). TVC is depicted by the appearance of macules, either hypopigmented or hyperpigmented, on the face, arms, trunk, and shoulders (Mendez-Tovar, 2010; Ngatu et al., 2011), while TC is a common skin infection affecting the trunk, neck, arms and legs of predisposed individuals (especially children and immunocompromised populations) (Aly & Berger, 1996).
Efficacy of an anti-TNF-alpha agent in refractory livedoid vasculopathy: a retrospective analysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Etanercept is a type of dimeric fusion protein, which plays a role of immune regulation by neutralization of TNF-alpha (10). Another anti-TNF-alpha agent, adalimumab, was successfully used in the treatment of one case of livedoid vasculopathy, and the patient reached a favorable clinical response (4). Anti-TNF-alpha agents are generally well-tolerated and safe, but a few reports have described adverse effects, such as infections and an increased risk of heart failure (11). Reactivation or recent-onset tuberculosis, upper respiratory infections, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and rhinitis are the most common infections found during courses of anti-TNF-alpha treatment (12). All of the patients in our study had periodic chest X-ray and examinations of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis. Only one patient suffered from tinea versicolor. No other severe adverse effects were observed in this study.
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
Miconazol (C18H14Cl4N2O) is an antifungal synthetic derivative of imidazole. It is used in the treatment of candidal skin and vaginal infections and selectively affects the integrity of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole is high in ergosterol content, differs in composition from mammalian cell membranes, and can only be found in individuals who used or took this drug. As an imidazole antifungal agent, it is applied topically or given by intravenous infusion and interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, which is necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. Within the fungal cell membrane, ergosterol is a vital component, and the inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability which ultimately causes leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. The indications for use are topical application in the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis (moniliasis) and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.