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Aesthetic
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Laser media consists of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystals in which neodymium is an impurity (YAG crystals can also be grown in erbium – Erb:YAG 2940 nm). It emits light at 1064 nm; it is poorly absorbed by haemoglobin, melanin and water, allowing greater penetration. Machines are usually Q-switched with nanosecond pulses; newer picosecond lasers offer good results in tattoo removal.
Non-Ablative and Ablative Devices in Acne Scars
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
The Q-switched 1064 nm lasers employs an optomechanical shutter, allowing for nanosecond delivery of laser pulses at the 1064 nm wavelength. The laser was originally developed for the treatment of decorative tattoos of blue–black ink. The mechanism of tattoo removal is primarily photoacoustic, while the mechanism for dermal remodeling for acne scars is a combination of photoacoustic effects and absorption by water, leading to dermal collagen remodeling [7]. This is the safest laser in darker skin tones and does not require contact cooling. Lower fluencies are indicated for acne scarring, in comparison with decorative tattoo removal. Three to five treatment sessions, spaced 4–6 weeks apart are necessary.
Benign lesions
Published in Richard P. Usatine, Daniel L. Stulberg, Graham B. Colver, Cutaneous Cryosurgery, 2014
Richard P. Usatine, Daniel L. Stulberg, Graham B. Colver
Although laser treatment is the most common treatment for tattoo removal, cryosurgery is one option (Figure 8.39). Two freeze cycles of 30 s with liquid nitrogen are needed. Local anesthesia before the cryosurgery is recommended. Patients need to be warned of the pain, swelling, and weeping of fluid that will occur in the first days after treatment. Healing times may be prolonged for weeks to months. However, some individuals are desperate to be rid of the tattoos and the stigma associated with them, and cannot afford laser treatment. For those individuals, cryosurgery may be a desirable option.
Facts and ideas from anywhere
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
The proliferation of the supposedly permanent markings has led to a second boom: tattoo removal. The American Academy of Dermatologic Surgery reported that 687,000 tattoos have been removed since 2010, a tiny fraction of all tattoos. The removal process is expensive. The state-of-the-art method uses lasers to break up ink with rapid pulses of light that reach temperatures as high as 1652°F. The Kirby-Desai Scale helps people estimate how many treatments might be necessary based on tattoo location, number of colors, skin type, and other information. Most are cleared in 3 to 12 sessions. The price per square inch per laser treatment ranges from $49 to $300. Thus, at $50 per square inch, removing a 3 × 5-in. tattoo requires eight laser treatments, with a cost of $5900. At $300 per square inch, the cost would be $36,000.
Comparison of treatment with an Alexandrite picosecond laser and Nd:YAG nanosecond laser for removing blue–black Chinese eyeliner tattoos
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Mengli Zhang, Yuqing Huang, Tong Lin, Qiuju Wu
Cosmetic tattoos are often referred to as permanent makeup and include eyeliner, lip liner, or eyebrow tattoos. Cosmetic tattoos have become increasingly popular in recent years. Eyeliner tattoos, often the deposition of a blue–black pigment along the eyelid cilia in a linear fashion, are performed to enhance the appearance of the lash line. Removing undesired eyeliner tattoos is usually achieved by Q-switched nanosecond lasers (1). The primary mechanism underlying nanosecond laser-mediated tattoo removal is essentially targeted destruction of the tattoo pigments by specific laser light wavelengths. The fragmented pigments are then removed by lymphatic system or trans-epidermal elimination (2). In addition to the ruby and Alexandrite laser, the Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser, which has a pulse width in the range of 5–20 ns, is also considered to be the gold standard for removing tattoos. The picosecond laser with very short laser pulses (in the picosecond range) has also been shown to be effective in tattoo clearance in many clinical studies (3)
High power Q-switched 1064 nm / 532 nm Nd:YAG Laser in tattoo removal: A systematic review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Débora Aparecida Oliveira Modena, Ana Carolina Godoy Miranda, Clovis Grecco, Richard Eloin Liebano, Raquel Cristina Tancsik Cordeiro
Concerning the time it takes for the tattoo to be lightened after the laser sessions, some studies demonstrated that after the first session it was already possible to observe an improvement in the lightening of the ink color. In fact, tattoo removal is selective. When receiving the high laser energy, the skin will whiten in some points of the tattoo due to the production of carbonic gas and water vapor in the dermis, thereby making ink removal a gradual process. Bernstein et al. (2015) reported black and red inks were the most effective in lightening after an average of six Nd: YAG laser therapy sessions with the wavelength of 1064 nm and the pulse duration in the range of nanoseconds (approximately 5–20 ns) (15,18).