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Warts
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Sonali Nanda, Rachel Fayne, Martin N. Zaiac
High concentrations (80%–90%) of trichloroacetic acid have been used to treat warts. In a recent study, treatment with TCA was compared to cryotherapy. The cure rate was higher in the cryotherapy group as only 20% of TCA-treated patients achieved cure.29 The only side effect noted with this treatment was hyperpigmentation.
Metabolic disorders and reticulohistiocytic proliferative disorders
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Xanthelasma is a common form of xanthoma in which lesions appear as arcuate or linear plaques around the eyes (Fig. 19.4). The condition is not associated with hyperlipidaemia in 60–70 per cent of patients. The lesions can be removed by excision or by topical treatment with trichloroacetic acid if the patient finds them a cosmetic nuisance. The latter can produce serious burns if it is used incorrectly. The area around the lesion should be protected with Vaseline and the surface of the lesion lightly wiped with a cotton-wool swab moistened with the acid. In a few seconds, the treated area turns white, and later a scale or crust forms.
Treatment
Published in William Bonnez, Guide to Genital HPV Diseases and Prevention, 2019
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and to a lesser extent bichloroacetic acid as a 50% to 90% solution are particularly favored by gynecologists. These cauterizing and keratolytic agents are predominantly used for the treatment of warts on mucosal surfaces such as the non-hairy vulva and the anal canal. The application with a cotton swab is painful. Ulceration and scabbing are not uncommon. For this reason great care should be exercised so that the acid does not run over the surrounding healthy skin. If it does, it can be neutralized with sodium bicarbonate or talcum powder. Comparative trials of these treatment modalities are lacking. - TCA (e.g., Tri-Chlor; 15-mL bottle): 50% to 90% solution applied to the lesion weekly, up to six times.
Nω-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, attenuates nickel-induced neurotoxicity
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone, Oritoke M. Aluko, Comfort O. A. Okoh, Azubuike P. Ebokaiwe
GSH-Px activity was measured according to protocols developed by Rotruck et al. (1973). The assay is performed in solution of sodium phosphate buffer, 10 mM sodium azide, 4 mM GSH, 2.5 mM H2O2, and brain homogenate. Following a 3 min incubation, 0.5 mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to solution. Thereafter, residual glutathione content was assessed by the addition of 4mL disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.3 M) solution and 1 mL of the Ellman’s (DTNB) reagent (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) to the supernatant. Activity of enzyme is indicated as units/mg of protein. GST was assessed using of Habig et al. (1974) protocols, with the substrate, 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The assay was performed in a solution of 100 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), 30 mmol/L of CDNB, and 20 μL of brain homogenates. Enzyme activity is indicated as nmoles of CDNB/GSH conjugate generated in 1 min/mg of protein via an extinction coefficient of 9.6 L/(mmol/cm). GSH was assessed using Jollow et al. (1974) protocols. The assay was performed in a solution of 4% sulfosalicylic acid, brain homogenates, and later 4.5 ml of DTNB. Values are indicated in μg/mg protein.
Bacterial communities in bovine ejaculates and their impact on the semen quality
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Michal Ďuračka, Ljubica Belić, Katarína Tokárová, Jana Žiarovská, Miroslava Kačániová, Norbert Lukáč, Eva Tvrdá
Protein oxidation levels were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method (Weber et al. 2015) on sperm cell lysates as described by Tvrdá et al. (2019). The samples were treated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA; 20% w/v; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), mixed with 10 mM DNPH (dissolved in 2 N HCl; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and held at 37°C for 1 h. After a second TCA precipitation, the suspensions were stored for 10 min at 4°C and subsequently centrifuged (11,828 × g) at 15 min. The supernatants were discarded, and the precipitates were washed three times with ethanol/ethyl acetate (1/1; v/v). Finally, the pellets were dissolved in guanidine-HCl (6 M; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and the absorbance was assessed at 360 nm, whilst 6 M guanidine-HCl was used as a reference. The content of carbonyls was determined using the molar absorption coefficient of 22,000/M/cm and expressed as nmol/mg protein.
Effect of cabergoline alginate nanocomposite on the transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2018
Saba Khanam, Falaq Naz, Fahad Ali, Rahul Smita Jyoti, Ambreen Fatima, Wasi Khan, Braj Raj Singh, A. H. Naqvi, Yasir Hasan Siddique
The protein carbonyl content (PCC) was estimated according to the protocol described by Hawkins et al. (2009). The brain homogenate was diluted to a protein concentration of approx 1 mg/ml. About 250 μl of each diluted homogenate was taken in eppendorf centrifuge tubes separately. To it 250 μl of 10 mM 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (dissolved in 2.5 M HCl) was added, vortexed, and kept in dark for 20 min. About 125 μl of 50% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid was added, mixed thoroughly, and incubated at –20 °C for 15 min. The tubes were then centrifuged at 4 °C for 10 min at 9000 rpm. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet obtained was washed twice by ice-cold ethanol:ethyl acetate (1:1). Finally, the pellets were redissolved in 1 ml of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and the absorbance was read at 370 nm.