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Benign tumours, moles, birthmarks and cysts
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia is a common feature of elderly skin and has been suspected to be due to chronic solar damage rather than ageing. One or, more often, several yellowish, skin-coloured papules develop over the skin of the face, some of which have central puncta (Fig. 14.11). They are often mistaken for basal cell carcinomata or dermal cellular naevi. Histologically, they consist of hypertrophied lobules of normal sebaceous gland tissue.
Principles of Clinical Diagnosis
Published in Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern, Illustrated Manual of Pediatric Dermatology, 2005
Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia Major pointsProminent sebaceous glands present in the newborn periodAffects up to 50% of term infants; less common in premature infantsCharacteristic pinpoint yellow papules with no surrounding erythema (Figure 2.3)Location: nose, cheeks, upper lip and forehead
Phymatous (Subtype 3) Rosacea
Published in Frank C. Powell, Jonathan Wilkin, Rosacea: Diagnosis and Management, 2008
Frank C. Powell, Jonathan Wilkin
The histopathologic changes seen in skin biopsies from patients with glandular rhinophyma are distinctive (2). The epidermis usually appears normal with the exception of large follicular openings some of which may appear to be plugged by sebaceous material. An undulating appearance of the epidermis may be seen in patients with nodular outgrowths of the nose. The follicular openings often appear widely dilated and the canals distended with sebum and may contain numerous demodex mites. Inflammatory changes are mild or absent unless there is secondary infection or concomitant inflammatory papules or pustules of PPR. Telangiectatic vessels may be seen, being marked in patients with the vascular form of rhinophyma. Granulomatous changes are only seen if there is advanced follicular inflammation with rupture. The most striking findings are seen in the mid and deep dermis. In these areas there are multiple aggregates of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in an asymmetrical distribution the morphology of which otherwise appear normal. The proliferation of these glands causes the swelling and distortion of the nose. A similar histological appearance is seen in patients with sebaceous adenomas or isolated areas of sebaceous hyperplasia, so clinicopathological correlation is important in making the diagnosis of glandular rhinophyma. There is often overgrowth of connective tissue with fibrous tracts running through the dermis some of which correspond with the fissures seen clinically between the nodular outgrowths. The histopathological changes in some patients are characterized by marked fibrosis in the superficial and reticular dermis, accentuated around follicles and increased numbers of fibroblasts, while others (especially the obstructive form) show deposition of mucin in the dermis. The collagen in the upper dermis often shows changes of solar elastosis which is marked in patients with rhinophyma secondary to actinic damage.
Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Juliana P. Paiva, Raiane R. Diniz, Alvaro C. Leitão, Lucio M. Cabral, Rodrigo S. Fortunato, Bianca A. M. C. Santos, Marcelo de Pádula
Besides those effects, sunscreen formulations also contain preservatives, which are used to maintain product's quality, to increase shelf life and to prevent microbial contamination (Rodford 1997). The most common compound used as preservative is paraben, not only in cosmetics and hygiene products, but also in beverages and food, due to their high antimicrobial efficacy (Valle-Sistac et al. 2016). Hossy et al. (2013) described morphological alterations compatible with photoaged skin when animals were treated with solar simulated sunlight (SSL) plus sunscreen vehicle formulations. Among different alterations, they have observed neovascularization, epidermal thickening, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, follicular keratosis, and increased dermal cellularity, which represent the real pattern produced by the sunlight on skin (Hossy et al. 2013). Methylparaben and propylparaben also display toxic effects by oxidatively induced DNA damage (Handa et al. 2006; Martín et al. 2010).
Ocular surface characteristics in acne vulgaris
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Ersin Muhafiz, Murat Öztürk, Remzi Erten
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia accompanied by hyperseborrhea, blockade of sebaceous ducts developing after abnormal follicular keratinisation, and the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes are the main factors involved in pathophysiology.5,6 As a result of the interaction of these factors, the sebaceous microenvironment changes and inflammatory reactions leading to the progression of the acne lesion occur. Propionic acid secreted by P. acnes causes the formation of irregular morphology in keratinocytes and the development of inflammatory lesions.6 Also, increasing systemic androgen level with puberty causes the proliferation of sebaceous glands and keratinocytes.7
New drugs under investigation for the treatment of alopecias
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Jorge Ocampo-Garza, Jacob Griggs, Antonella Tosti
Setipiprant is a selective oral antagonist to the PGD2 receptor [58]. Garza et al. reported that PGD2 is highly expressed in the scalp of men with AGA, and demonstrated that high levels of PGD2 induced miniaturization, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, and alopecia in mice [59]. A phase 2A study of setipiprant tablets in AGA in males was completed (NCT02781311), which evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the oral administration of setipiprant 1000 mg twice daily relative to placebo. The clinical trial results for AGA are not yet available. However, setipiprant has already shown to be safe and well-tolerated in previous clinical trials for allergic disorders [60].