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Non-erythematous lesions
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
A pilomatricoma is a benign tumour of the hair follicle most commonly seen in children. It presents as a nodule resembling a cyst, which is usually pink-red in colour. It is often calcified so is bony hard on palpation. It can be excised under local anaesthetic.
The skin
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Pilomatrixoma is characterized by a well-demarcated dermal solid cystic nodule composed of two cell types: basaloid and matricial cells. The basaloid cells contain uniform hyperchromatic nuclei resembling the basophilic cells of the normal hair follicle bulb. The matricial cells contain ample amphophilic cytoplasm and discernible outline of the nucleus but no actual nuclear staining. The latter is one of the most distinctive features of a pilomatrixoma. Commonly referred to as ‘ghost/shadow’ cells, they represent futile attempts of the basaloid tumour cells to differentiate into hair matrix (Figure 19.40). The proportion of basaloid and matricial cells varies according to the duration of the tumour. It is not unusual for long-standing tumours to be composed exclusively of matricial cells which have a tendency to show dystrophic calcification and sometimes ossification (hence the alternative eponymous name calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe).
Pilomatrixoma
Published in Longo Caterina, Diagnosing the Less Common Skin Tumors, 2019
The largest series of pilomatricoma evaluated by dermoscopy was published in 2008 by Zaballos et al.6 and consisted of 10 cases located on the head and neck and upper extremities. Authors reported that a diagnosis of pilomatricoma was considered in only half of the cases on a clinical basis, while in nine cases using the dermoscope. Concerning the dermoscopic features, irregular whitish structures and streaks were present in the majority of cases, together with some vascular structures: reddish homogenous areas, hairpin and linear-irregular vessels; besides, ulceration and blue-gray areas were also reported. Interestingly, specific criteria for melanocytic and nonmelanocytic tumors were absent in all cases. Whitish structures were histopathologically correlated to the presence of calcification or keratin masses within the tumor. Other reports indicated irregular white and/or yellow structures, reddish homogenous areas, linear vessels and white streaks as the most frequently seen dermoscopic features in pilomatrixoma (Figure 21.1).7–9
Surgical experiences in pediatric pilomatricoma: punch incision and elliptical excision
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Hoon Choi, Dong Hyun Shim, Chan Ho Na, Bong Seok Shin, Min Sung Kim
Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor originating from the matrix cells of a hair follicle and is a common adnexal skin tumor (1). Surgical excision is the treatment of choice; however, there are no standard guidelines regarding the techniques and appropriate margins to be achieved (1). It often occurs in exposed areas, such as the face and neck (1,2), which are cosmetically sensitive areas, and is more common in children; therefore, there is a need to minimize the surgical site and operating time. A punch is an instrument for skin biopsy that dermatologists can access easily and can be used to remove various skin tumors (3). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate pediatric patients who underwent elliptical excision or punch incision for pilomatricoma.
Neoplasia in Turner syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral centre in Belgium
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Cas Dejonckheere, Carolien Moyson, Francis de Zegher, Leen Antonio, Griet Van Buggenhout, Brigitte Decallonne
As shown in Table 3, various other benign neoplasms were discovered, with those arising from the skin being the most frequent. Two (1.9%) patients had a history of pilomatricoma, a benign skin neoplasm considered to originate from the hair cell matrix.