China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
Microsporum audouinii is an anthropophilic fungus causing non-inflammatory infections of the scalp and skin, especially in children. Once the cause of epidemics of tinea capitis in Europe and North America, this is now becoming less frequent. Invaded hairs show an ectothrix infection and usually fluoresce a bright greenish-yellow under Wood’s ultraviolet light. Key features include the absence of conidia, poor or absence of growth on polished rice grains, inability to perforate hair in vitro and culture characteristics.
Geriatric hair and scalp disorders
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
In North America Trichophyton tonsurans is becoming the most common causative agent of tinea capitis, followed by Microsporum canis. Microsporum audouinii, formerly the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States, typically occurred in prepubertal children and cleared spontaneously in postpubertal adolescence. Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans may persist into adulthood and may affect multiple generations. In Europe Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum canis have replaced Trichophyton schoenleinii as the most frequent etiologic agents.
Aquatic Plants Native to Africa
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Karina M. Szuman, Mala V. Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, Joyce Govinden-Soulange, Namrita Lall
In another report by Nielson et al. (2012), the results showed that the methanolic crude extract of the leaves and stems of Z. aethiopica had no antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LMP805), ampicillin-resistant K. pneumoniae (LMP803), and chloramphenicol-resistant Citrobacter (CRCF, LMP802) at the highest tested concentration of 2,500 μg/ml. The extracts did, however, inhibit β-lactamase positive (βL+), E. coli (LMP701), and carbenicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA, LMP804) with an MIC of 625 and 312.50 μg/ml, respectively (Nielsen 2012). The plant extracts further showed antifungal activity against both Candida albicans and Microsporum audouinii with an MIC of 312.50 μg/ml against both fungi.
Nanotechnological interventions in dermatophytosis: from oral to topical, a fresh perspective
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Riya Bangia, Gajanand Sharma, Sunil Dogra, Om Prakash Katare
There are around 40 species of dermatophytes that can affect humans. The most prevalent ones are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Microsporum canis [3–5]. The dermatophytes are categorized into three genera, namely, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton [6]. The dermatophytes evolve according to the geographical locations and socioeconomic conditions [7]. Around 100 years ago, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Microsporum audouinii constituted the major group of pathogens causing superficial fungal diseases, whereas their number decreased significantly since the mid-twentieth century and are nowadays restricted to some less-developed nations. However, frequency of some other pathogens, including T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, Trichophyton interdigitale, and M. canis, rose steadily and became the major species across the globe. In some regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa, other dermatophytes, including Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton violaceum, and M. ferrugineum, are majorly endemic [8]. As per the current scenario, T. rubrum is the major pathogen responsible for skin and nail fungal infections worldwide, while T. violaceum (Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia), M. canis (most regions of Europe and Asia), and T. tonsurans (the United Kingdom and North/South America) for tinea capitis [8–15].