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Disorders of Keratinization and Other Genodermatoses
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Roselyn Stanger, Nanette Silverberg
Overview: This is commonly seen in children and young adults, and children often have an involvement of their cheeks. In young children, background erythema of the cheeks can be noted, termed keratosis pilaris rubra faceii. Keratosis pilaris can be an isolated diagnosis and can also be seen in patients with underlying skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris, among others. There is often a positive family history.
Chronic erythematous rash on the face
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Widespread actinic keratoses may be confused with eczema on the face, but will feel rough to the touch. The patient will probably be over 50, have fair skin (burn rather than tan on sun exposure) and blue eyes. Often, there will be a history of working out of doors or living abroad (20+ years ago). Solar elastosis (see p. 208) will be present.
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Irene De Francesco, Sean Whittaker, Stephen L. Morris
A biopsy or excision is required for Bowen’s disease or actinic keratosis if there is suspicion of an invasive component, suggested by induration followed by development of a nodular lesion with a keratotic surface, which may break down to an ulcer with an ill-defined margin. Clinicopathological variants of actinic keratosis include hypertrophic, atrophic, acantholytic, Bowenoid, and pigmented. They all show atypical keratinocyte proliferation (dyskeratoses) within the epidermis. Initially, dysplastic changes are confined to small foci in the epidermis in which there are aggregates of atypical pleomorphic keratinocytes at the basal layer. There may be hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis overlying the dysplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis. The atypical keratinocytes show loss of polarity, nuclear pleomorphism, disordered maturation, and increased numbers of mitotic figures.
Comparing efficacy and safety of potassium hydroxide 5% solution with 5-fluorouracil cream in patients with actinic keratoses: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Ali Salehi Farid, Somayeh Niknam, Kheirollah Gholami, Soheil Tavakolpour, Amir Teimourpour, Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Ali Nili, Arghavan Azizpour, Maryam Nasimi, Hamidreza Mahmoudi
Major treatments for actinic keratosis (AK) include two types: destructive modalities such as curettage, and cryotherapy; and nondestructive agents including topical creams such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream 5% (1–5). Destructive modalities can be associated with different adverse effects such as dyspigmentation, bulla formation, infection, and scarring (6–11). 5-FU is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AK (12,13). However, 5-FU is associated with erythema, crust formation, and bleeding; its effectiveness decreasing in the long run (14,15). Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a keratolytic agent that is used in the treatment of skin lesions such as warts, molluscum contagiosum, and plantar callus (16–19). KOH is an effective, safe, and inexpensive drug that can easily dissolve keratin and penetrate skin due to its alkaline nature (20).
Treatment responder analysis in actinic keratosis: can it lead the way to individualized choice of treatment?
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Lutz Schmitz, Jes B. Hansen, Mike Bastian, Thomas Larsson, Eggert Stockfleth
Although post-hoc in nature, a strength of this subgroup analysis is the prospective, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group design of the original trial. Potential limitations of the analysis include the limited number of possible predictors assessed, with other potential predictors such as educational level, history of skin cancer, or history of AK not being considered due to the relevant data not being available. The limited number of participants within some of the subgroups was also a limitation, as was the study period of 17 weeks, which was insufficient to assess long-term remission rates of either treatment. It should also be noted that while this study provides evidence for the potential advantages of IngMeb treatment over DS, few AK lesions go on to develop into invasive SCCs (39,40). Sun-protection measures, such as sun cream, play a significant role in the management of actinic keratosis (41) in combination with continuous follow-up visits. However, there are no markers available to predict the probability of individual AK lesions to progress into invasive SCCs (42).
Curcumin nanoparticles incorporated in PVA/collagen composite films promote wound healing
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
QingQing Leng, Yue Li, XianLun Pang, BiQiong Wang, ZhouXue Wu, Yun Lu, Kang Xiong, Ling Zhao, Ping Zhou, ShaoZhi Fu
H&E staining images of the CPCF group on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 shown in Figure 4(B) indicate a clear division between the epidermis and the dermis and in the appearance and distribution of hair follicles. On day 3, the local skin tissue appeared discontinuous with a large number of inflammatory cells with the presence of granulation tissue and partial fibroblasts. On day 6, there was a clear division between the epidermis and the dermis. Keratosis was visible at the edges of the epidermis. The skin in the wound area had been completely re-epithelialized, however, its structure was relatively loose. Several fibroblasts were seen in the dermis. On day 9, the epidermis resembled the normal skin dermis; fibroblasts that still showed a slightly disordered arrangement could be seen in the dermis. Additionally, blood vessels could also be seen. On day 12, the fibroblasts had arranged well and the epidermis was similar to that of the normal skin. On day 15, obvious hair follicles deep into the dermis were seen. The epidermis and the dermis appeared very similar to that of the normal skin.